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劳动者,你有权提前知道职业危害

2017-08-22 17:21:33   中国青年网

本报讯 (记者王维砚)近日,北京一家企业因“订立劳动合同时,未告知3名劳动者职业病危害真实情况;安排未经职业健康检查的两名劳动者从事接触职业病危害的作业”,被主管部门给予警告,并罚款33万元。这一事件把“职业危害提前告知”这一许多劳动者并不清楚的权益概念带入公众视野。

原来,如果企业没有提前告知职业危害,劳动者可以停止作业、检举举报甚至单方解除劳动合同并要求赔偿。

中国劳动关系学院副教授沈建峰分析称,这种企业企图“瞒天过海”无视职工身体健康的行为,违反了《职业病防治法》的相关规定。

《职业病防治法》规定,“用人单位工作场所存在职业病目录所列职业病危害因素的,应当及时、如实向所在地安全生产监督管理部门申报危害项目,接受监督”。同时规定,“用人单位与劳动者订立劳动合同时,应当将工作过程中可能产生的职业病危害及其后果、职业病防护措施和待遇等如实告知劳动者,并在劳动合同中写明,不得欺瞒或者欺骗”“对从事接触职业病危害作业的劳动者,用人单位应当按照国务院安全生产监督管理部门、卫生行政部门的规定组织上岗前、在岗期间和离岗时的职业健康检查,并将检查结果书面告知劳动者。职业健康检查费用由用人单位承担。”

“劳动者未被告知职业病危害,可以对相关权利进行主张。”沈建峰告诉记者。

首先,劳动者有要求停止作业的权利。根据《职业病防止法》规定,在用人单位未履行告知等义务的情况下,劳动者有权拒绝从事存在职业病危害的作业,并且用人单位不得因此解除与劳动者所订立的劳动合同。

同时,劳动者拥有检举举报的权利。“《职业病防治法》和其他劳动法律,都规定了任何单位和个人有权对违反该法的行为进行检举和控告。劳动者自然也享有此项权利。”沈建峰说。

此外,劳动者可以要求解除劳动合同并要求经济补偿。根据《劳动合同法》第8条规定,职业安全卫生事项是订立劳动合同时,用人单位应主动告知劳动者的事项。“应告知而未告知则构成法律意义上的欺诈。在订立劳动合同时存在欺诈的话,劳动者随时可以解除劳动合同,并要求支付经济补偿。”沈建峰表示。

北京盈科(天津)律师事务所律师张慧敏建议,企业在招聘时要充分告知劳动者职业病危害因素,在招聘启事中明确工作岗位和工作要求,对于有职业病风险的岗位,应提供必要的符合要求的工作条件。“由于举证责任在单位,如果单位无法证明已经告知了职业危害的相关事项,那么则需要承担赔偿风险”。

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