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印度军购重启“超级买买买” 欲以市场换技术

2017-08-22 09:12:24   中国青年网

据《印度斯坦时报》21日报道,印度政府已经制定了一份价值数百亿美元的超级防务装备采购大单,包括了从战机、直升机、潜艇到装甲车、导弹等各种装备。报道称,印度政府希望以此推动“先进武器国产化”,但西方军火巨头为竞争“超级军购蛋糕”摩拳擦掌的同时,也对这个要求十分踌躇。

印度《经济时报》称,印度政府在过去几个月采取了一系列措施,包括授权陆军直接采购重要军事平台的弹药和备件,以保持短期“激烈战争”的战备水平。根据这一决定,印陆军副司令已获得授权,为10种武器系统和设备采购弹药和备件。同时印度陆军计划升级T-90坦克,换装更先进的激光制导炮射导弹和1200-1500马力的新型发动机,以提高坦克的战场打击能力和机动能力。《印度教徒报》则披露,印度防长贾伊特利主持的国防采购委员会作出一个“艰难的决定”,批准采购6架美制“阿帕奇”武装直升机及配套设备,采购总价高达416.8亿印度卢比(约6.5亿美元)。印度政府还许诺,印度陆军将获得美制直升机的后续采购主导权。

《印度斯坦时报》总结说,印度政府开出价值高达数百亿美元的军购大单,唯一条件是“必须在印度生产”。西方军火巨头为此欢呼雀跃,纷纷表示这是千载难逢不容错过的好机会。欧洲空客集团希望对印出口直升机,许诺“如果赢得数十亿美元的订单,将至少合作10年,会将现在法国马里尼亚讷的直升机制造厂搬到印度,使印度成为制造多用途直升机的全球枢纽”。美国洛克希德·马丁公司称,如果印度选择F-16战斗机,该公司将“提高印度军工制造业的专业技术水平”。德国蒂森-克虏伯海洋系统公司和法国海军装备承包商 DCNS集团正在争夺印度100亿美元的合同,决定由谁在印度建立潜艇生产线。

目前印度90%的防务装备和零件都依赖进口,报道称,印度正在效仿中国“以市场换技术”的方式,投入巨资吸引西方军火公司在印度建厂、转移技术,并希望他们支持印度大型武器装备制造公司,扶持军工装备外围小型企业。普华永道咨询公司航空航天和防务专家迪拉吉·马瑟说,“对国防装备一无所知的印度公司,将与全球军火商合作生产先进的武器装备,这是印度提高武器本土化的唯一道路”。

然而西方军贸专家认为,转移防务装备技术并没有印度想象中那么容易。有的西方军火商担心印度政府出不起价,因为“长期以来印度一直把最低报价作为选择军火商的关键标准”。美国助理国防部长帮办卡拉·阿伯克龙比表示,“希望印度能与美国政府合作,确保印方军备采购不会因为最低报价问题而让美国公司出局。”即使是在印度建厂,有的军火商仍然不放心,希望掌握新建工厂的主导权。空客公司工业发展副总裁阿谢锡·萨纳富说:“转移技术、生产合格军品需要多年时间,要么让我们主导成为大股东,要么让印度人承担全部责任。因为项目一旦失败,就将付出数以亿计的高额损失。”他建议允许外国军火商开始时可以持有多数股权,等印度本土合作方获得经验后再减少外方持股。但印度能否同意,依然没有定论。【环球网军事8月22日报道 环球时报特约记者 严 石】

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