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中德绘出甘薯基因组图谱

2017-08-22 08:31:41   中国青年网

本报讯(记者 黄海华)复杂的遗传背景一直是制约甘薯研究的瓶颈。昨天,上海辰山植物园(中科院上海辰山植物科学研究中心)、中国科学院上海植物生理生态研究所联合德国马克斯普朗克分子遗传研究所和分子植物生理研究所的科研团队,在国际著名学术期刊《自然·植物》上发表了揭示甘薯起源的重要论文,绘制了甘薯基因组图谱。这是科学界在多倍体基因组学领域取得的一项重大突破。

上海辰山植物园杨俊博士是论文第一作者,他介绍,甘薯基因组共有约4.4亿个碱基对,单组大小在700兆到800兆之间。虽然近年来高通量测序技术日新月异,但解析多倍体基因组仍然面临着巨大的障碍。这项研究不仅将绝大部分基因组序列定位到对应染色体上,而且通过全新生物信息学方法,将六倍体的六组染色体分开,从而揭示出:在甘薯的90条染色体中,有30条染色体来源于其二倍体祖先种,另外60条染色体来源于其四倍体祖先种;约50万年前,二倍体祖先种和四倍体祖先种之间的一次种间杂交,孕育了今天的重要作物。这一发现破解了甘薯起源的谜题,为合理利用甘薯近源野生种提供了崭新的思路。

国际甘薯基因组计划始于2014年,由上海辰山植物园(中科院上海辰山植物科学研究中心)和中国科学院上海植物生理生态研究所张鹏课题组共同发起,联合德国马克斯普朗克分子遗传研究所和分子植物生理研究所共同完成。这项研究充分发挥了多边合作优势,历时仅18个月,就攻克了多倍体基因组组装的世界性难题。

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