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中德专家: 百万年前红薯被天然转基因
2017-08-22 06:47:38 中国青年网
本报综合消息
人类食用甘薯(红薯)的历史已经接近一万年,但你知道吗?甘薯居然是转基因作物,百万年前,人类还未走出非洲时,它已经被天然地转基因。
21日,上海辰山植物园(中科院上海辰山植物科学研究中心)和中国科学院上海植物生理生态研究所联合德国马克斯普朗克分子遗传研究所和分子植物生理研究所的科研团队在国际著名学术期刊《Nature Plants》上共同发表了揭示甘薯起源的重要论文。
该研究发现,大约一百万年前,甘薯基因组就被农杆菌转基因了,插入了一段该细菌DNA。现代转基因技术正是模拟利用了这一过程。
杨俊博士告诉记者,2015年,比利时科学家首次发现甘薯中的T-DNA片段,首次证实甘薯天然地被转基因了。这一发现被国内外媒体广泛报道。杨俊等人的最新研究证实,甘薯的祖先种在百万年前就已被转基因。而人类食用甘薯已经近万年,中国约在四百年前开始引进种植和食用甘薯,其安全性一直良好。这一最新发现或许能让人们更理性地思考和认识转基因食品的安全性。目前已被人类发现的天然转基因作物除甘薯外还有烟草。
据杨俊博士介绍,甘薯基因组共有约4.4亿个碱基对,单组大小在700M到800M之间。虽然近年来高通量测序技术日新月异,但解析多倍体基因组仍然面临着巨大的障碍。该研究不仅将绝大部分基因组序列定位到对应染色体上,还通过全新生物信息学方法,将六倍体的六组染色体分开,从而揭示:在甘薯的90条染色体中,有30条染色体来源于其二倍体祖先种,另外60条染色体来源于其四倍体祖先种;约50万年前,二倍体祖先种和四倍体祖先种之间的一次种间杂交孕育了今天的重要作物。这一发现解决了甘薯起源的谜题,为合理利用甘薯近源野生种提供了崭新的思路。
我国以世界总种植面积50%的土地生产了全球80%以上的甘薯,产量近亿吨。但是复杂的遗传背景一直以来是制约甘薯研究的瓶颈,甘薯起源问题悬而未决。现在中德科学家绘制了甘薯基因组图谱,揭示了这一重要作物的物种起源历史。
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