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昔日流沙埋苗田 如今沙地变绿洲

2017-08-21 08:46:46   中国青年网

刚种下的防沙树苗。本报记者 黎胜斌 摄

这是一场防沙治沙的持久战。

26年前,青海都兰县夏日哈地区平均每年有30亩苗田被沙淹没,相当于3个足球场大小。防沙治沙迫在眉睫。

如今,该地区造林面积已超2.6万亩,成果显现。

近日,在由青海省海西蒙古族藏族自治州都兰县委宣传部主办、新华社新闻信息中心青海中心承办的西部七省市媒体都兰行采风活动中,记者获悉,2011-2016年的5年间,都兰县完成营造林35.11万亩。2015年该县还被评为海西州唯一一个国家级生态保护与建设示范县。

曾经农田被沙淹没

都兰县位于柴达木盆地东南部,是青海省沙漠面积较大、风沙危害较为严重的地区之一,生态环境较为脆弱。

祖籍江苏的芦涛,任职都兰县精神文明办主任之前,在县农牧局、林业局等部门工作过,是最早一批参与到都兰县防沙治沙的公职人员。

芦涛说,上世纪90年代初,都兰县夏日哈地区流沙威胁非常严重,数据显示,1991-1994年,国道109线察汉乌苏养路段每年平均清沙2300立方米,附近农田平均每年有30亩苗田遭受沙埋。

作为当时刚毕业的专业人士,芦涛和治沙团队就想能在治沙方面有所突破,“局里领导也很重视治沙工作,很支持。”

三次试验终成功

当芦涛真正加入到治沙一线,就遇到了难题。沙子能用什么固定?治沙团队想到了麦草。结果短时间内,有一点效果,但长期来看,固沙效果并不理想。

第一次治沙受挫。

很快,芦涛和治沙团队想出第二个方法,栽杨树,但到第二年全部都死了。

再次受挫。

但在此过程中,芦涛和治沙团队收获了宝贵的经验:“埋得越深,树越容易活。”

第三次,他们往沙地挖1米深的坑,然后栽上杨树。这次,全部存活。

昨日,芦涛说,“当时我们分别挖了50、70、100厘米等不同深度的坑,后来发现70厘米的坑最容易让杨树存活,再往下挖就没有必要。”

记者获悉,深栽旱作造林于1997年度获海西州第二届科技进步一等奖,1998年度获青海省第二届科技成果二等奖。

5年造林35.11万亩

有了治沙团队的努力,都兰县夏日哈地区成了示范基地。

1995年,国家批准立项的全国最高海拔防沙治沙工程《柴达木高海拔沙地综合治理试验示范基地》项目在都兰县夏日哈地区启动。

青海省首次采用杨树截枝高杆深栽造林技术,在树种的选择上,也越来越多:青杨、新疆杨、白柳、旱柳、柽柳……结束了柴达木盆地无乔木旱作造林的历史。

目前,深栽旱作辐射造林面积达2.6万亩。

数据显示,2011-2016年,都兰县累计争取林业生态建设资金3.57亿元,通过国家重点公益林、“三北”五期防护林体系建设、退耕还林成果巩固项目、防沙治沙等重点生态工程,完成营造林35.11万亩,森林覆盖率由2009年的4.04%提高到目前的5.07%。

本报记者 黎胜斌 实习生 张皓

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