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英国脱欧谈判政策遭质疑

2017-08-21 06:11:46   中国青年网

英国政府原本期待借助此次公布的政策文件为秋季谈判创造更多的透明度和可预见性。然而,各方对于英国谈判立场可行性的质疑和忧虑超出了正面积极评价。各方担忧的是这份政策文件是否具有可行性,以及欧盟能在多大程度上接受英国的谈判立场。

在欧洲休假季即将结束之时,沉寂了3周的英国政府日前公布了两份指导脱欧谈判的政策文件,分别阐述了英国关于未来英欧关税安排、北爱尔兰和爱尔兰问题的政策立场。其中,核心部分是关税安排。英国政府原本期待借此为秋季谈判创造更多的透明度和可预见性。然而,各方对于英国谈判立场可行性的质疑和忧虑超出了正面积极评价。

在这份英欧关税安排政策文件中,首先明确了英国未来国际贸易政策的基调,即英国不仅要确保与欧盟间的贸易尽可能自由化,更要确保英国有能力追求独立的国际贸易政策,以便与欧盟之外的国家建立全面贸易联系。

据此,在2019年3月份正式脱欧之后,英国将摆脱欧盟框架,建立独立的海关和关税体系。对于如何在新的英欧关税体系之下推进贸易自由化,英国提出了两个方案。方案之一是建立尽可能高效的关税安排。通过简化和合理安排英欧之间的海关边检程序,建立新的机构,以削减双边贸易壁垒,同时利用技术手段提升清关效率,尽可能实现双边贸易关税安排高效化。方案之二是建立“关税合作伙伴关系”。在这一英国政府称之为“富有想象力”的方案中,英国未来将建立与欧盟关税体系完全一致的关税安排,即对第三国以欧盟为最终目的地的产品实施与欧盟一致的关税税率和原产地原则。英国还将建立产品追踪和执法机制,确保不符合欧盟贸易政策的、来自第三国的进口产品留在英国境内,不会转口至欧盟。

英国认为,在方案二下,未来英国与欧盟的货物贸易环境与现在关税同盟阶段完全一样,因此英欧之间没有必要设立关税和海关检查程序。

在提出上述方案之后,英国进一步表示要避免脱欧之后的断崖式波动,因此2019年3月份以后需要一个过渡期,时间长度则根据未来新规则的实施进程需要确定,但不可无限度延长。

英国政府出台的这份具体谈判政策文件成为各方关注焦点。

尽管在此份政策文件公布之前,硬脱欧派代表脱欧事务大臣戴维·戴维斯和软脱欧派代表财政大臣菲利普·哈蒙德联合在英国媒体上发表文章,以一致口径阐述谈判立场,并共同发布和认可关税安排立场文件,显示英国政府内部分歧正在逐步弥合,但各方担忧的是这份政策文件是否具有可行性,以及欧盟能在多大程度上接受英国的谈判立场。

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