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用“过程性认定”来增加学校政策弹性

2017-08-19 05:16:26   中国青年网

【相对论】

虽然现行大学制度中有肄业的相关规定,但这并不是解决问题的有效办法。与国外大学“宽进严出”不同,在我国通过高考取得大学学籍这个过程是严的,同时现在家长对孩子的文凭很看重,这让学生退学和肄业的社会风险相对较高。而在目前的高等教育大众化情况下,有一些同学虽然通过了高考,但是到大学后,开始出现学习问题,或者是因为学习能力不够,或者是因为不能用功等等,最终导致学习成绩不能达到毕业的要求。这也确实是现实中高校面对的真问题,需要妥善解决。

在这种情况下,当学生出现成绩不够达标或者无法继续正常学习的情况时,“本科降为专科”或许是一种可行、有效的政策选择。我国对学籍管理非常严格,学生的学籍通常严格限定了学生学历的层次和专业,学历层次由下往上调很难,由上往下调也很难。这种学历级别的限定容易缺乏弹性。在目前高等教育大众化的情况下,我们应该有所调整。

过去,教育学历认定一直是结果性认定,达到本科要求就给本科学历,达到硕士要求就给硕士学历,达到博士要求就给博士学历,如果学生在学习过程中出现无法适应的情况,没有相关认定。现在我们提出了“立交桥”和学分银行,就应该提倡过程性认定,破除以往的这种僵化操作,对学生的学习过程给予记录和承认,不仅学习课程有学分,相关的实习甚至是工作经验,都可以认定为学分,不同年级应该有不同的证书。

“立交桥”和学分银行的意义,就是学生的学分达到什么程度就给什么学历。一个博士,如果没有做出研究论文,可以颁发博士课程证书而不是博士学位,承认其博士的学习经历,但也表明他还没达到博士的程度。同样的道理,如果一个本科生达不到本科毕业标准,也可以不否认他的学习经历,而是根据他的学分情况给出专科学历。从这个角度来说,学习跟不上,“本科降专科”,不失为一种有益的尝试。

另一方面,这种政策的意义不仅在于激励学生用功学习,它也让我们看到,一些名牌大学开始注重自己的品牌,关注自己输出的学生的品质,力求让那些取得学历的学生享有社会美誉度。

不过,我认为,这种办法对于高水平大学可能不是很适用,需要尝试更好的办法。

(作者:马陆亭,系国家教育发展研究中心高等教育研究室主任)

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