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“拆违费用由当事人承担”是不是有点想当然了?

2017-08-21 05:51:32   中国青年网

◎朱昌俊

云南昆明市城市管理综合行政执法局将于8月31日举行《昆明市违法建筑处置办法(征求意见稿)》(以下简称“征求意见稿”)听证会。征求意见稿提出,对被拆除的违法建筑一律不予补偿。对违法建筑实施强制拆除过程中产生的临时保管费用、强制拆除费用由当事人承担,法律、法规另有规定的除外。

(都市时报)

违建强拆所产生的成本,到底由谁来承担,多数地方其实都面临着操作上的尴尬。比较有代表性的一种情形是,不少地方的规定中虽然都要求拆违成本应由违建业主来承担,但实践中却往往都落空,最终真正由业主来支付强拆成本的非常少见。究其原因,就在于执行难。比如有地方城管部门负责人就透露,想让违建人承担强拆费,执行起来程序十分繁琐,一般需到法院诉讼。

正因为这种执行难,近年来的一个趋势是,一些地方已经开始从相关规定中删除当事人承担拆除违建费用的条款。比如,2012年广州市人大常委会对违法建设查处条例进行修订,其最大亮点就是删除了当事人承担拆除违建费用的条款,原因就在于,该规定难以操作。就这点来看,昆明此次特意新增“拆违成本由当事人承担”的规定,恐怕还是缺乏对该项条款执行难度的足够预判。

抛开执行不谈,由违建当事人承担违建强拆费用,也与相关规定和政府部门的职能存在抵牾。众所周知,城管部门对违建进行强拆,是在履行正常的公共管理职能,按说这笔费用应有专项的公共财政预算保障。那么,把这种公共管理成本转嫁给违建当事人,显然有失正当。虽说,此规定似乎有利于增加违建成本,或对于遏制违建有一定作用,但公与私的边界不容模糊。

另外,此一规定所可能产生的负面影响也不得不正视。比如,既然强拆违建的费用是由当事人承担,那么是否会令执法部门弱化对执法成本的考量,从而等违建做大了再来拆除,而非及时执法?又如何确保将拆违的成本控制在合理水平?

拆违成本由违建者自己承担,表面上看确实有点让违建者付出应有代价的用意,体现一种朴素的惩罚观。但作为公共行政管理当中的一个议题,强拆违建的成本分担,不能想当然,仅凭直觉与处罚冲动。是否合规,是否能够执行,又是否会产生其他的代价以至于“适得其反”,对这些因素都应该作全方位的科学权衡,这才是公共管理应有的理性。

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