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名校办分校当设门槛立规矩

2017-08-21 04:11:27   中国青年网

【新闻随笔】

当前,名校办分校作为促进义务教育均衡发展的主要策略,正在掀起新一轮的浪潮。那么,这种办学探索利弊如何,又该如何兴利除弊?

名校办分校,把优质的教育资源引入教育相对薄弱地区,把好学校搬到孩子的家门口,提高优质教育资源覆盖面,发挥优质教育资源的辐射作用,这种做法起点高、见效快,对广大学生和家长来说,的确是件好事。

但是,随着实践的不断深入,名校办分校的弊端逐步显现。

首先是管理弱化。名校办分校有“集团校”“共同体办学”“托管办学”等模式。但不管哪种模式,都会形成学校规模的急剧扩大,对学校管理提出新的挑战。一所学校的管理和“名校+分校”的管理有着本质的区别,如果简单照搬照套,加上管理人员相对分散,势必导致管理的弱化和效率的低下。

其次是名师虚化。名校的灵魂是名师,然而名师是稀缺资源,名校里的名师数量毕竟是有限的,名师的培养又无法做到批量制造,所以学校不得不面向社会大量招考教师或自聘教师,而新招考或自聘的教师有一个渐渐成长的过程,这在一定程度上稀释了原有学校的优质师资。

再次是特色淡化。不少普通学校通过名校托管方式,摇身变为名校的分校,但依然穿新鞋走老路,只注重外包装,而忽视了诸如管理理念、教学方法、文化积淀等内核的学习、借鉴和消化,导致新的办学特色没形成,原有的特色丧失殆尽。

最后是破坏教育生态。由于历史、地域、经济、人文多方面的原因,很多地方已经逐步形成了当地的教育生态。随着名校的进入,容易形成对优质生源的垄断性掠夺,破坏了当地的教育生态,形成了新的发展不均衡。

如何让名校办分校真正起到促进教育均衡的作用呢?

去功利化非常重要。“名校办分校”目的各不一样,但大都表现出急功近利的特点。引进者希望快速产生名校效应,办学者希望立竿见影以立足,结果往往是“欲速则不达”。教育是培养人的活动,有其自身的内在发展规律,是一个“慢工出细活”的过程,需要办学者有执着的信念和坚守的定力。

名校办分校更要立规矩。靠招生“掐尖”快出成绩,几乎是名校办好分校的通用做法。名校教好优质生源既不能体现名校之名,也不能真正发挥名校办分校促进教育均衡的作用。因为,当地原有的优质学校也具备把优质生源培养好的能力。如果名校入驻后,能把当地二流、三流的生源培养成优秀学生,才能真正展示名校的功力,在促进教育均衡中就发挥了实质性的作用。当然,这需要时间和实践的检验。因此,各地要想清楚引进名校办分校的目的,在引进名校时,要给名校设门槛、立规矩,绝不能以招收当地优质生源为前置条件。

无论是分校盲目复制名校的做法,还是名校对分校实行单向输血,都很难取得成功。名校要在办学理念、治理结构、课程建设、教师发展、教学改革等方面发挥示范引领作用,不断提高分校自身的办学能力和办学品位,形成名校与分校既有共性又有个性,既良性互动又相得益彰的格局,让分校扎根当地教育沃土,从而推动区域教育的均衡发展。

(作者:王殿卿 系国际儒联普及委员会副主任;钟伟 系湖北省仙桃市仙源学校校长)

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