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“问诊”短缺药:根治短缺药乱象不能仅靠反垄断

2017-08-20 09:56:17   央广网

央广网北京8月20日消息(记者吕红桥 实习记者李丹阳 丁蓉)据经济之声《天下财经》报道,短缺药是指在一定区域内不能正常供应的药品。记者调查发现,短缺药价格之所以能在短时间涨几十倍,背后有人为操控因素。但是,仅靠打击这些行为,远远不能缓解短缺,平抑药价。价格垄断如何标本兼治?

  根治短缺药乱象不能只靠反垄断

8月14日,国家发改委开始就《短缺药品和原料药经营者价格行为指南》征求意见。征求意见稿提出,经营者不得达成横向、纵向价格垄断协议,并且明确囤积居奇等10种行为将会被认定为价格违法行为。短缺药生产者和经营者以此自律,才能避免触碰价格垄断红线。不过,中国政法大学副校长时建中认为,仅靠反垄断并不能根治短缺药价格乱象。

时建中说:“因为反垄断法不是专门针对药品制定的,它是针对整个市场来制定的。所以使用了一个最抽象的(概念)或者是一个最大公约数,放到药品市场以后它就有自己的特点。”

  药品短缺的深层次原因

实际上,查处短缺药价格垄断往往是一种“救火”行为。药品短缺和加价的此起彼伏有更深层次的原因,也凸显了医改过程中的矛盾。在采访中,不少制药企业反映,生产短缺药面临经营压力。

某制药企业负责人表示:“因为2009年当时投标的时候说是一年一投,结果2009年投了之后就不再改了,一直让我执行09年的标。有些产品这么多年上游的原料给我涨价,因为环保压力太大,有些厂家就直接停了。我没法执行,我不执行他就给我上黑名单。”

  药品招投标亟待改革

这样的例子有很多,比如抗感染的阿米卡星,现在各地的批发价格一般在8毛钱一支左右,这个价格和2009年一些企业的中标价格相差无几。然而过去的8年间,这个药品的原料价格已经上涨接近两倍,企业为避免上黑名单,只能亏损供应。国家发改委反垄断局调查二处处长徐新宇表示,应该对药品招投标做出新的探索。“招投标不能一味地去压低价格,对这种短缺药和原料来说,你价格压得太低基本上就是无利可图了,基本它就没有人去生产了,没有这种动力了。”

  治理短缺药乱象要多管齐下

短缺药的“潮汐”现象很明显,有时候卖都卖不出去,有时候则到处断货。但是在生产端,由于准入限制,短缺药的供应却没有这样的弹性。

“我们调查就发现,很多品种的批文就有几家企业,甚至有的只有一家企业有。这个我觉得还是要简化加快审批流程,对于短缺药原料药的生产企业,让他们有一个充分竞争的环境。”徐新宇说。

专家指出,治理短缺药乱象需要信息监测、供应保障、流通管理等各个环节的联动配合。对于仍旧稀缺的药品,复旦大学公共卫生学院教授胡善联表示,还可以通过定点生产和扩大进口来满足供应:“很多短缺药它不是大宗产品,是小宗产品。在这种情况下,只要个别患者需要,那就要想办法去定点生产,用这个办法来解决短缺药问题。”

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