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如果改变历史真的成为可能
2017-08-19 08:16:53 中国青年网
■李灿
时间旅行总是一个异常迷人的话题。美国畅销科幻作家瑞萨·沃克说:“任何一个历史学家都不会拒绝时间旅行的机会,如果时间旅行能够成为可能。”瑞萨·沃克本人就曾是美国高校的一名历史教师,但令她失望的是,很多美国学生在走进她的课堂之前就已经认定历史是门枯燥的课程。然而几年之后,瑞萨·沃克自费出版了自己的第一部小说《穿梭时间的女孩》,并在数万名竞争者中脱颖而出拿下了2013年的亚马逊突破大奖,这部小说被翻译成14种语言,赢得了近百万读者。最近,《穿梭时间的女孩》中译本问世,中国读者也能随瑞萨·沃克一同走进时光隧道。
小说讲述了一个16岁少女凯特的故事。凯特本过着平凡无奇的生活,突然有一天,从未谋面的外婆出现并赠予她一枚散发着蓝光的挂件,告诉她家族拥有穿越时空的遗传基因。起初,凯特认为这只是老人的胡言乱语,直到一起谋杀案突然改变了凯特生活的时间线,痛失双亲的女孩必须回到1893年的芝加哥,对抗恶意篡改时间的敌人……小说以非常精细的笔触描写了1893年芝加哥世博会——这段充满了传奇和惊险色彩的历史,而当历史以不同的面目出现并被叙述之后,却遭遇了迥然不同的待遇。从这个意义上讲,时间旅行的故事也是在重写历史,以不同的叙述方式和视角,给予尘垢背后的历史细节以全新的生命力,而这种生命力,就取决于历史会被怎样言说。
小说借此提出了关于时间穿越的两个恒久的问题:如果改变历史真的成为可能,那么改变的代价是否人类可以承担的?历史的偶然性与必然性,又是如何互为因果,线性的时间究竟是一切之因还是一切之果?当然,在《穿梭时间的女孩》中,凯特做出了最合乎伦理正确的选择,她和爱人告别,毅然肩负起危险又艰巨的拯救人类未来的使命,而我们的作者也不忍心令读者伤心落泪,在小说的结尾,凯特将去唤醒那个在另一条时间线中从未与她谋面的爱人的记忆……
于是,当过去与未来之间的界限被打破,历史之所以成为历史的必然性被篡改,时间旅行就不仅仅是一场惊险浪漫的冒险,而是对生命限度扩张的一种想象,对当下存在的客观性的一种质疑,正如著名的科幻文学研究者达科·苏恩文提出的,“科幻小说是一种发达的矛盾修饰法,一种现实性的非现实性”,并要呈现“这个世界的 ‘另外的世界’”。而与赫伯特·乔治·威尔斯的《时间机器》这样畅想未来、反思物质与文明发展的时间旅行小说不同的是,《穿梭时间的女孩》所呈现的这个关于历史的多种可能的“另外的世界”,终究是要让我们回归对当下生活的一种确认。换句话说,穿越给凯特带来的可能性,并没有增加她生活的丰富性与美好,而是以亲情和友情的缺失,反证了日常生活的可贵。凯特的冒险,不过是要回到穿越之前的平淡生活,去珍惜看似微不足道的平凡人生。
《穿梭时间的女孩》
[美] 瑞萨·沃克
钱仪雯 译
浙江文艺出版社
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