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零容忍才有真的零投诉

2017-08-18 04:22:09   中国青年网

□ 何勇海

今年夏季,合肥市出现了持续高温天气。本以为会接到不少有关高温劳动保护投诉的合肥市蜀山区劳动监察大队,却“意外”地发现没有一名劳动者通过任何方式投诉。“零投诉”是否意味着所有企业都严格遵守了防暑降温规定?劳动监察大队开展了一次专项检查行动,结果发现仍存在不少问题:高温天气不停工;高温津贴发放情况差异较大,有的超过国家规定发放,有的则一点都没发(8月17日《工人日报》)。

在一些执法部门看来,“零投诉”似乎意味着“治下太平”。然而蜀山区劳动监察大队却发现“零投诉”背后问题不少,这颇具讽刺意味。原本问题不少,为何却呈现出“零投诉”状态?一种原因可能是,不少劳动者根本不了解有关法律法规明确规定,即劳动者在高温下劳动,有获得高温津贴、缩短工作时间乃至停工休息等权益。不了解导致无从投诉;另一种可能是,不少劳动者深知投诉了可能得不到处理,用人单位违法违规会依然故我,从而主动放弃投诉。此外,还有一些劳动者基于地位弱势而不敢投诉。

无论是出于哪一种情况的“零投诉”,都不意味着执法部门可以“零执法”。对于劳动者普遍不了解法律法规赋予他们的高温权益,劳动监察部门应当以加大普法力度来破解,让劳动者懂得运用法律手段维护自己的权益,同时让用人单位知法、懂法、守法,切实保障劳动者的合法权益;对于对违法违规行为处罚不力,则应当加强对监管者的监管,建立较为严密的问责机制,对不作为、乱作为者坚决问责;而对于劳动者不敢投诉用人单位,更需要到位的普法与强硬的监管来为弱势职工撑腰。

正因为激发投诉的因素复杂,“零投诉”并不代表“零问题”,劳动监察执法不能仅依赖投诉这一条路径。要想确保劳动者的利益不被损害,执法部门更应加大日常巡查督促力度,深入工作一线明察暗访,以确保企业落实规定;对企业违反有关规定的行为,依法严肃查处,责令其认真整改并加强对整改情况的跟踪检查。从某种程度上说,对违法违规行为“零容忍”,发现一起严肃查处一起,让违法违规的用人单位感觉到“痛”,才会出现真正的“零投诉”。否则,再怎么宣传“零投诉”,都像是一种文过饰非,又有多少人会相信?

从劳动监察执法说开去,“零投诉”背后发现问题不少的尴尬,在不少行政执法领域应该都存在。长期以来,在一些地方行政执法部门那里,一旦有负面新闻被曝光且被质疑监管不力时,他们的说辞往往是“没有接到举报”“未收到一例投诉”“有举报我们才去查”等等,此种现象被舆论形象地概括为“民不举,官不究”。“民不举,官不究”反映出的是一种被动监管姿态,说严重点就是失职渎职,必须坚决摒弃。变坐等举报为主动监管,才符合现代法治社会对执法者的基本要求,才是依法履行其自身职责的积极表现。

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