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我国乳腺癌高发年龄早于西方(医说新语)
2017-08-19 04:26:25 中国青年网
乳腺癌的发病率已经高居女性恶性肿瘤之首。与欧美国家相比,我国乳腺癌发病年龄高峰偏低,位于45岁至50岁,治疗则越来越趋于精准化和个体化。中国抗癌协会乳腺癌专业委员会副主委、天津市肿瘤医院乳腺肿瘤三科主任张瑾近日表示,欧美国家乳腺癌发病率一般是随着年龄的增长而提高,约2/3患者发生在绝经后,高发年龄在65岁至70岁之间。和欧美国家相比,我国乳腺癌有两个发病高峰,第一个高峰出现在45岁至50岁之间,另一个出现在70岁至75岁之间,呈“M”形分布,诊断的平均年龄是45岁至55岁,较西方女性年轻了10岁至20岁。
据张瑾介绍,乳腺癌发现越早,治疗效果越好。定期进行乳腺检查,是预防乳腺癌的最有效方式。然而由于部分女性防癌意识较弱、乳腺癌普查未能覆盖全部人群等原因,我国妇女早期乳腺癌中I期检出率约占20%至25%,而欧美等国家则达到80%以上。由于我国人口基数大,患者绝对数量大,大城市女性发病率是农村人口的近两倍,年轻患者数量也相对较多,35岁以下年龄段患者约占10%至15%。
张瑾说,自检绝不可替代必要的防癌体检,因为肿瘤早期不一定会出现明显症状,难以及时察觉。除医院触诊之外,建议35岁以下人群进行B超检查;35岁以上女性最好每年做一次正规的乳腺X线检查,对于X线中腺体密度超过50%的女性,需要同时联合B超检查;对有乳腺癌家族史者、未育、月经初潮早或停经晚的乳腺癌高危人群,建议在乳腺X线基础上,联合B超或乳腺核磁检查。对于没有条件开展常规体检的地区或人群,乳腺自检有助于尽早发现自身一些乳腺癌“信号”,一旦发现乳腺肿块、乳头溢液、乳头内陷、乳房皮肤改变、出现“酒窝”状凹陷特征以及其他乳腺异常情况,就应及时去医院做进一步的专业检查。
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