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“中国芯”走出自强路

2017-08-19 04:21:42   中国青年网

模拟集成电路艺术图

(昵图网)

工作速度是英特尔最先进的14纳米商用硅材料晶体管速度的3倍,而能耗只是其四分之一。这是北京大学教授彭练矛带领团队前不久研制出的碳纳米晶体管优异的性能指标,意味着中国科学家有可能研制出以此类晶体管为元器件的商用碳基芯片,有望在芯片研制技术上赶超国外同行。

研制出碳纳米晶体管无疑是我国科学家奋力追赶世界先进水平的征途中取得的一个重大胜利,是中国信息科技发展的一座新里程碑。从进入新世纪以来,特别是2008年以来,中国致力于打造自己的高端芯片产业链。经过持之以恒的努力,中国芯片的研发不仅取得了阶段性成果,而且在国际芯片最前沿的碳纳米晶体管研制领域取得了重大成果,为向世界一流水平迈进奠定了坚实基础。

现代信息社会的根基

“芯片”是我们耳熟能详的现代信息科技热词之一,但它究竟是什么呢?在没有回答这些问题之前,让我们先熟悉一下“集成电路”。“集成电路”是一种微型电子器件或部件。人们采用一定工艺,把一个电路中所需的晶体管、电阻、电容和电感等元件及布线互连在一起,制作在一小块或几小块半导体晶片或介质基片上,然后封装在一个管壳内,成为具有所需电路功能的微型结构,使电子元件向着微小型化、低功耗、智能化和高可靠性方面迈进一大步。“芯片”一般是指集成电路的载体,是集成电路经过设计、制造、封装、测试后的结果。可以说,“集成电路”和“芯片”所指的内容本质上是一致的,只是描述的重点和角度不同,前者强调的是电路的设计和布局布线,后者则强调电路的集成、生产和封装。因此也可以说,中国芯片的发展历程和水平就是中国集成电路的发展历程和水平。

“芯片强则产业强,芯片兴则经济兴,没有高端芯片就没有真正的产业安全和国家安全。”这是中国科学院微电子研究所所长叶甜春对芯片重要性的清晰认知和高度概括。他说,在当今信息时代,集成电路技术是最重要、最基础的技术,可以说是信息时代的基石。无论是计算机、手机、家电,还是汽车、高铁、电网、医疗仪器、机器人、工业控制等,产品核心和知识产权的载体都是集成电路。没有集成电路产业支撑,信息社会就失去了根基。这也是集成电路被喻为现代工业的“粮食”的原因所在。

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