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“涵容”不表“包含”义(杜老师语文信箱)

2017-08-19 04:21:24   中国青年网

杜老师:

某媒体中说:“这是‘最’义级层涵容‘多个体’的典型例子。”其中的“涵容”用得是否妥当?谢谢!

北京读者 黎学理

黎学理读者:

“涵容”是客气话,表示“包涵、宽容”的意思。例如:

(1)接待不周之处,尚望涵容。

(2)自非涵容,少赐优假。(王安石《谢提转启》)

(3)镇所失只在文字,当涵容之。(《宋史·韩维传》)

(4)世祖以外邦从化,宜予涵容,量加恩赏,谕令毋入觐。(《清史稿·礼志十》)

而“这是‘最’义级层涵容‘多个体’的典型例子”一句中,是用“涵容”来表达“包含”的意思。“涵容”没有“包含”义,表示“包含”的意思时,可用“涵盖”等词语。例如:

(5)作品题材很广,涵盖了社会各个领域。

(6)这篇论文涵盖了多方面的知识。

(7)老李新发表的文章涵盖了他的几个重要的学术观点。

因此,“这是‘最’义级层涵容‘多个体’的典型例子”可改为“这是‘最’义级层涵盖‘多个体’的典型例子”。

另外,也不宜用“包涵”来表示“包含”的意思。“包涵”只表示客套话,表示请人原谅。例如:

(8)我唱得不好,请大家多多包涵。

(9)由于人手少,对你们几位照顾不周到,请多包涵。

因此,表示“包含”一类的意思时,可以用“包含”“涵盖”“包孕”“蕴含”“含有”等,而不宜用“包涵”“涵容”。

《语言文字报》原主编 杜永道

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