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【社评】“快递小哥”的劳动保障要驶入“快车道”

2017-08-18 08:22:40   中国青年网

无论经济如何发展,产业如何演进,人的因素始终是一个行业能否长足发展的关键。对奔走在烈日下、风雨中的快递小哥给予更多关心,让他们更安全、放心、舒心地工作,才能筑牢这个新兴业态发展的根基。

盛夏时节,烈日炎炎,雷雨频至,人们大都在空调下享受清凉,在屋子里躲风避雨。可有一群人,因为工作需要,不得不在骄阳下奔走,在风雨中疾驰。人流中,他们总是步履匆匆甚至一溜小跑,手提肩扛满头大汗;车流中,他们又常常让人捏把冷汗,驾着电动车飞速穿梭甚至闯红灯、逆行——他们就是你我生活中越来越不可或缺的快递小哥。

据《人民日报》近日报道,我国快递业务量从2012年的不到57亿件,到2016年的312.8亿件,连续5年保持平均50%以上的增速,市场规模自2014年开始稳居世界第一。今年第二季度开始,我国快递量进入单日亿件的常态化时代。

快递行业蓬勃发展的背后,是无数快递小哥匆匆奔走的身影——

统计显示,至2016年初,全国一线快递员约118.3万人。这个吸纳了上百万人就业的劳动密集型产业,某种程度上正是依赖我国的劳动力成本优势迅速发展起来的。要让这个行业更加健康、可持续地发展,不该忽略的问题是:如何为快递员这个庞大的新兴职工群体提供更完备的劳动保障?

送快递是个高强度的活儿。有调查报告显示:快递人员日平均工作时长在8小时及以上的占比86.4%,平均工作时长在12小时以上的达24.7%,快递员平均每天要在路上“跑”70公里~80公里。酷暑高温下,那些汗流浃背的快递员拿到高温津贴了吗?上班时间长,他们拿到加班工资了吗?依法应该参与和享有的社会保险,他们有吗?这些保障都是快递企业必须切实执行的,也是有关部门应该加强监督的。

送快递还是个高压力的活儿。送件迟了可能挨骂,获个差评还要被扣奖金。为抢时间,一路疾驰甚至不惜违反交通规则,不时引发各种事故。以往提到高风险,人们很容易联想到深入地下作业的煤矿工人、在道路上清扫垃圾的环卫工,还有在易燃易爆等各种高危环境中工作的职工。殊不知,如今“满街跑”的快递员某种程度上也成了高危工种。如何调整客户投诉评价处罚机制,在业绩考核方面制定更科学合理的标准,减少快递员的压力?如何加大培训力度,在提高服务意识的同时,强化快递员遵守城市交通法规的意识?规矩和细则的制定,不仅是对快递员基本权益的保障,也是快递企业更好地服务公众和社会的前提。而对公众来说,当然可以期待更快更好的快递服务,但适当的宽容和体谅也很必要。

快递业发展得够快,而对快递小哥的劳动保障似乎还在慢车道上。此前,有业内人士称,100多万名快递从业人员中,有90%的人没有劳动合同、五险一金。由此带来的直接影响是人员流动性大、工作责任心缺乏、服务质量难以保证。“快递员”在2015年已经被正式纳入《中华人民共和国职业分类大典》,而从业人员综合素质偏低是目前整个行业的短板。要改变现状首先必须建立稳定的人员队伍,这就需要一系列的制度保障,比如必须签订规范的劳动合同、为其足额缴纳社保费、提供良好的福利待遇和激励机制等。

近日,国务院法制办再次就快递暂行条例公开征求意见。这将有助于规范整个行业,保护消费者利益。值得注意的是,这份征求意见稿还明确,经营快递业务的企业应当依法保护从业人员的合法权益,这意味着对从业者的劳动保障将在制度设计上予以考量。

事实上,无论经济如何发展,产业如何演进,人的因素始终是一个行业能否长足发展的关键,尤其是在一个劳动密集型产业。对那些奔走在烈日下、风雨中的快递小哥给予更多关心,让他们更安全、放心、舒心地工作,才能筑牢这个新兴业态发展的根基。

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