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有趣的“安乡虾灯舞”
2017-08-18 07:38:21 中国青年网
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虾灯舞在洞庭湖区流传已久,尤其在安乡县三岔河、安丰等乡镇广为流传,已有上百年的历史。安乡县三岔河镇艺人胡海梅说,他家祖传的舞虾灯,已传好几代人了。他在当地授徒有十余人。
安乡县紧靠洞庭湖,过去不少人以捕鱼为业,农民耕种之余,多从事渔业捕捞,对鱼虾等水族生活习性特别熟悉,这是安乡流传虾灯舞的基本条件。
虾灯舞有一人举着玩的小虾灯,也有双人或三人舞的大虾灯。春节期间,虾灯与鱼灯、蟹灯、牌灯等作为龙队的仪伏灯队,与龙队一道活动,给人们带来节日的欢乐和吉祥如意的祝愿。有些技艺高超的虾灯也可单独进行表演活动。舞蹈表现虾在水中尽情游弋嬉戏的各种动作,在夜幕的衬托下,虾灯头尾亮光闪烁,栩栩如生地展现虾子的动态,生动可爱,悦目动人。
安乡虾灯舞以双人虾灯居多,动作幅度大,速度快,因此表演者要有一定的功夫、体力和经验,才能准确地掌握分寸。如幅度过大,将虾子绷得僵直,虾子灵巧之态全无,有时还全将虾灯扯成两截;幅度过小,不仅人的舞姿不大方,虾子蜷成马蹄形,也会失去虾的形态美;所以必须熟练地运用道具,准确地掌握动作。“搓杆”是虾灯舞的基本功夫,表演者持虾灯杆时,要能用手指搓动木杆,通过“搓杆”牵动虾身微微颤抖,并使它跳动起来,才能把虾子舞活。正如艺人们所说的:“虾子舞得转,搓杆要苦练。要想练搓杆,十指都起茧。”艺人还有“虾子舞得活,前后要配合”的艺诀,要求舞者配合默契,相互间距离适度。
安乡虾灯舞表演时须用唢呐吹奏“得胜令”等曲牌,并辅以打击乐伴奏,有时仅用打击乐伴奏,所用只有头钹、二钹、小锣三件,当虾子表现出精彩的造型或亮相时,配上清脆的小锣声,颇能加强舞蹈的感染力。
安乡虾灯舞现已列入安乡县第一批非物质文化遗产保护名录。
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