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暗香浮动月黄昏

2017-08-18 06:04:20   中国青年网

北宋时期,有一个叫林逋的诗人,他一生都隐居于西湖孤山之畔,恬淡好古,不趋名逐利,二十年不踏入城市一步。相传他一时兴起写了诗,随即就将其随意丢弃。别人问他为什么不考虑流传后世。他说,我不过是留了一点印记在林壑之间而已,根本不在乎后世之名。

林逋一辈子没有娶妻,孤身一人,无儿无女,直到终老。他一生最大的喜好就是在自己的住所旁种梅花,并留下一首著名的七律诗《山园小梅》:

众芳摇落独暄妍,占尽风情向小园。

疏影横斜水清浅,暗香浮动月黄昏。

霜禽欲下先偷眼,粉蝶如知合断魂。

幸有微吟可相狎,不须檀板共金樽。

这首诗名气太大,大到直至把他弄成了中国最会写咏梅诗的诗人。辛弃疾《浣溪沙·种梅菊》有句,“自有渊明方有菊,若无和靖即无梅”。和靖是林逋的谥号,人们爱把林逋称为和靖先生。这里,辛弃疾把林逋和梅的关联等同于陶渊明和菊的关联,这不只是咏物诗范畴内的赞叹,而是将它们和诗人的精神高度拉到一个水平线上了。而南宋女词人朱淑真写有《吊林和靖》:“当时寂寞冰霜下,两句诗成万古名”。这里说的两句诗成万古名,就是指的“疏影横斜水清浅,暗香浮动月黄昏”。

后来,南宋词人姜夔在和靖先生这两句诗的基础上,写有著名的《暗香》《疏影》两首词,因此被誉为最会写咏梅词的词人,并直接将《暗香》《疏影》变成了两个词牌名。从那以后,在中国古代文人的话语体系中,疏影、暗香就成了梅的代称。

陶渊明有菊就够了,苏东坡有竹就够了,而林逋有梅也应该够了,但这个林逋,除了梅,他还有一个标志性符号,鹤。大家爱引用沈括在《梦溪笔谈》中的记载来说一段好听的故事,说的是林逋外出时,家里如有客至,他的家童便放飞一只鹤报信。林逋见鹤,必棹舟归来。

因了梅与鹤这两个标签,林逋一生的基调也就定性了,人说他“以梅为妻,以鹤为子”,即所谓“梅妻鹤子”。有梅的情怀又有鹤的风姿,想都可以想象,这人高雅得不得了。其实,林逋活得如此逍遥自在也还有别的缘故——他并没有隐得让所有人看不见。经过口口相传,他隐逸的大名传到了当朝皇帝宋真宗的耳朵里。宋真宗欣赏他,给他赐了粟帛,还诏令地方官要时时去看望这位著名隐士。

有些时候,你想和这个世界好好说话,却没人愿意听,即使拿着一个喇叭高声嘶喊,也无济于事。而有些时候,你真心不想和这个世界说话,但整个世界的人却都竖起耳朵,非要听你说了些什么不可。这个林逋,这个原本想将自己的所有诗句都随风丢弃的人,最终发现,他在西湖畔、孤山下一个人的自言自语被全世界所有的人都听见了,他家门前那株梅的暗香被全世界所有的人都嗅到了。

这隐,隐得像一个欲盖弥彰的谎言。

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