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为文学史写作重铸生命质感

2017-08-18 04:21:18   中国青年网

刘春的《一个人的诗歌史》,有属于自己的轻重缓急,节拍鲜明,谈及诗人生平,笔调像是好诗者的聚会聊天,是“散怀抱”,亦是“旁逸斜出”。但论及诗人作品,笔调则严谨起来,关注文本细读,或阐释意象,或归纳理论,或明晰诗风,让人感到诗人解诗的自信,以及他庖丁解牛的技艺。

文学史,一直被概念、学术捆绑。事实上,当下严肃的诗歌批评已不太可爱。《一个人的诗歌史》作为一个优秀诗人“学诗”的心灵史,洋洋洒洒,近五十万字。看似感性,但细读定出知性。正如谢有顺所说:“刘春的诗歌史论,好读、感性,有明晰的立场,也不乏理论锋芒。他怀着对诗歌本身的挚爱,以令人信服的生命实证和诗学鉴赏,有力地辨析了这个时代诗人的面影和一种诗歌生活的处境。他这种以生命的写实为诗歌作证、以诗歌的演进来返照人生的话语方式,为文学史写作如何才能重获个人眼光、重铸生命质感提供了生动的范例。”

诗人刘春从前辈们那里获得的创作养分,如今集中释放,让后辈受益。如是,诗歌这门传统艺术就是如此手心相交地传承下来了。刘春倾情诗歌本身,耐心地与诗友辩论、共赏佳作。我作为一个诗歌爱好者,对书中提及的诗人、事件以及诗人作品,或多或少,或深或浅都有自己的认知。但读完《一个人的诗歌史》,我的认知被覆盖,且又进一步打开了我的新诗视野,直抵诗歌的本质。

自2002年始,诗人批评家刘春一直浸润在这部“理想的书”中。此书以出生于二十世纪五六十年代的十位诗人为主干,厘清当代汉诗的发展脉络,为推动汉诗经典化贡献力量。所评诗人都是当代诗歌写作的实力人物,具有卓越的诗学贡献和美学追求。他们在新诗语言探索成熟后,多维地践行着汉语诗歌的可能性。刘春的个人诗歌史有着公正、透明的心灵在场,可谓“繁华落尽见真淳”。

从体例上看,《一个人的诗歌史》不同于一般的诗歌史论。文章围绕着诗人的生活和作品展开,具有很强的可读性。在记述诗人往事时,材料充足、立场客观,而论及诗人生活及性情,刘春更注重诗人心灵与品性。对于比自己年长一二十岁的诗人前辈,有些事是刘春求证而得,有些则是亲历,具有很强的史料价值。不难看出,刘春的诗歌史写作具有很强的创造性,他分割、组合材料的能力建立在深度阅读文本和参悟材料之间的隐秘关系之上。以点带面的写法,努力追求触类旁通。

作者认为,象牙塔里的诗歌必须沾染浓重的人间烟火。于是,有的诗歌接近日常生活,有的兼容学术与创造,有的主张日常奇迹。中国当代汉诗探索的脚步一直没有停止,诗歌观念被不断建立、冲突、捣毁后又重建。不少的诗歌流派也纷纷提出了自己的诗歌主张。这就像一股巨大的海潮,浪里淘沙见真金。必须经过时间的涤荡和读者的淘洗,方可最终成为经典。

当下,现代人的文学观念是多元的,但作为文学批评者,必须有一个明确的认知。如果还在一味地“审美”,奉学究矫饰、高蹈大词、臆断片言为圭臬,那么显然有失公允。刘春的诗歌史写作,具有史料充实、感觉在场、情感赤诚、诗心纯正、语言朴素等特色,正如他的诗学追求——无限贴近诗歌和自己的心脏。

(作者:尤佑)

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