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走向世界的中国儿童文学(文学聚焦·儿童文学系列之二)

2017-08-16 04:21:30   中国青年网

从“五四”前后的“儿童文学运动”及叶圣陶的童话集《稻草人》和20世纪三四十年代张天翼的《大林和小林》,到2016年曹文轩获得世界儿童文学最高奖国际安徒生奖,中国原创儿童文学已经走过了百年不平凡的历史进程,成为世界儿童文学版图上巍然屹立的东方大板块。

尽管由于历史上形成的中西方文化和语言的障碍,国外读者普遍对于汉语写作的文学作品存在着隔膜,中国儿童文学还无法像英语写作的儿童文学作品一样得到广泛的阅读接受,但中国原创儿童文学走向世界已经成为不争的事实。据最新统计,我国年出版儿童图书4万多种,达6亿多册,在销品种20多万种,销售总额100多亿元人民币。中国已成为世界上名副其实的儿童文学大国。

实力型作家作品构成走向世界主体

曹文轩获得国际安徒生奖无疑是中国百年儿童文学历史进程中的一个里程碑式的事件,标志着中国儿童文学从自洽自立到真正走向世界。这是一个从沉淀到激扬的过程。曹文轩获奖的后面是作家本人多年来潜心于中国式童年经验与成长之文学书写,踏上了矢志不渝、佳作迭出、硕果累累的创作历程。他不仅始终坚持小说创作的文学性、坚持现实主义写作,成为高扬“纯文学旗号”的守望者,而且积极探索儿童文学创作的多样性,包括儿童幻想小说的创作。正是在这坚实的基础之上,曹文轩的作品开始走上世界,走进国外读者的阅读视野。曹文轩的作品被外国出版社购买版权的作品达30种之多,使之成为中国儿童文学一个颇具世界影响的品牌。曹文轩已经成为当代中国儿童文学作家中版权输出最多的一位,其作品被译为英文、法文、德文、俄文、希腊文、瑞典文、丹麦文、日文、韩文、越南文等多种文字,作品版权输出到50多个国家。如今曹文轩的获奖必将助推他的作品更广泛地走向世界。近年来包括曹文轩在内的中国儿童文学作家频频亮相于国际书展,与国际同行之间的交流推动了相互理解,使国外更多更好地了解了当代中国儿童文学的现状和成就。

“晴空一鹤排云上,便引诗情到碧霄。”曹文轩走向世界的历程就是当代中国儿童文学走向世界的一个缩影,彰显了时代的需求、国家政策的推动、“一带一路”倡议的引领、国家工程助力以及作家须有高水平优秀作品等关键因素。事实上,实力型作家的作品构成了中国儿童文学先期走向世界的主体。2012年3月,由中国外文局海豚出版社出版的“中国儿童文学走向世界精品书系”,收录了孙幼军、金波、秦文君、曹文轩、张之路、葛冰、黄蓓佳、沈石溪、高洪波、汤素兰、葛翠琳、董宏猷、郑春华、周锐、徐鲁等作家的自选代表作。这一系列是新中国出版史上第一次大规模的儿童文学译介工程,“入选的作家作品能够代表当下中国儿童文学审美艺术创造的最高水平和成就。”而后该丛书的版权输出工作即初见成效。作为一种特殊文类的中国动物小说也走向了世界。沈石溪所著的包括《红豺》在内的4部作品被“童话王国”丹麦的出版社选中,被翻译成英、俄、德等8种文字在8个国家出版。黑鹤著有《黑焰》《狼獾河》《黑狗哈拉喏亥》《狼谷的孩子》等动物文学作品,部分作品版权已输出至法国和加拿大等国,被译为英文出版。2014年意大利博洛尼亚国际少儿图书博览会上,沈石溪、黑鹤等作家的动物小说作品《血染的王冠》《琴姆且》等共计16册作品,输出了非华语地区版权。与以往相比,这次是外国出版商主动购买我方的版权,因为这些作品的文学艺术品性打动和吸引了对方。

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