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中国网络文学何以走红海外(艺海观澜)

2017-08-17 20:47:16   国际在线

文化输出是一种真刀真枪的博弈,哪个国家的艺术更让老百姓喜爱,更能稳定持续地满足其日益刁钻起来的胃口,才会更有影响力,“刚需”成为硬道理

自2016年以来,中国网络文学在海外的传播成为网文界乃至整个文化界的一个热点话题,“网文出海”已经成为一种全球性文化现象,受到各方面的高度关注。据三家最大的网络文学翻译网站WuxiaWorld、GravityTales、VolaroTranslation2017年6月统计数据,三家合计月活跃读者数(月独立IP)已达550万,已经翻译和正在翻译的中国网络小说接近百部。在东南亚地区,中国网络小说更是早就成为深具影响力的外来流行文化,每年以百部左右的速度进行创作和翻译。2017年5月,起点国际版正式上线,截至6月,作品已超过50部。

中国文化的输出,过去更多是经过文学奖、图书展、电影节等主流渠道,而自发翻译、在线阅读、粉丝社区的出现,意味着中国流行文化走进了国外普通人的日常生活,同时也体现了中国网络文学有着和日本动漫、韩国电视剧乃至好莱坞电影在国际舞台上同台竞争的潜力。什么叫走进了国外老百姓的日常生活?就是我看你的东西不是因为别的,只是因为你是最好的。第一次走进一个中国餐馆可能是因为猎奇,以后还经常去,不去就难受,那就只能是因为好吃了。所以文化输出其实是一种真刀真枪的博弈。说白了,哪个国家的艺术更让老百姓喜爱,更能稳定持续地满足其日益刁钻起来的胃口,才会更有影响力。“刚需”成为硬道理。

中国网络文学在世界走红的背后,是媒介革命的力量。网络性让中国网络文学成为“网络人”的文学,在被网络重新“部落化”的地球村获得了广泛的亲缘性;那套土生土长的原创生产机制,更是其辐射地球村的动力源。数百万字的长度,追更、互动、订阅、打赏,是中国网络文学独创的。外国人不但感到新鲜,更震惊于其超大的产业规模。中国是一个有着数千年讲故事传统的大国,不仅在庙堂之上,民间高手也不计其数。各种潜在的文学资源和活力通过网络这种媒介形式重新被激活并且组织起来:几百万的作者,几亿的读者同时在网上写着,读着,打赏着,对话着——这样的生产方式和规模确实是人类历史上空前的,生产出最好的类型小说也不足为奇。

当然,外国粉丝们最初受到中国网络小说吸引的原因是新鲜,即所谓的“中国性”。在以往的文化输出中,我们特别注重所谓“越是民族的就越是世界的”,这是20世纪80年代“寻根文学”的信条。今天看来,在这一思维模式下,“中国”难免以其文化奇观形象呈现在西方文化视野中。事实上,在地球村的时代,只有越是网络的,才有可能越是世界的。也就是说,“中国性”要通过“网络性”才可能展现出来,毕竟只要是中国的网络小说,自然会携带“中国性”。从目前搜集到的粉丝评论来看,外国人对中国传统文化非常感兴趣,他们惊奇于中国文化元素和中国人的想象方式。翻译小说网站WuxiaWorld上还有专门的版块普及“八卦”“阴阳”等知识点。在漫长的追更与日常的陪伴中,中国网络小说真正显示出其“网络性”和“中国性”的魅力。

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