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部分同业存单将于明年一季度纳入MPA 对银行影响不大

2017-08-17 18:07:56   中国经济网

经济日报·中国经济网北京8月17日讯 (记者 陈果静)中国人民银行在《2017年第二季度中国货币政策执行报告》中明确提出,拟于2018年一季度评估时起,将资产规模5000亿元以上的银行发行的一年以内同业存单纳入MPA同业负债占比指标进行考核。

MPA是宏观审慎评估体系,MPA将信贷增长与资本水平、经济发展合理需要紧密挂钩,具有宏观审慎政策工具和货币政策工具的双重属性。2016年,央行将差别准备金动态调整和合意贷款管理机制升级为MPA。2017年一季度,央行正式将表外理财纳入广义信贷指标范围。

同业存单规模迅速增长,是其即将被纳入MPA重要原因。2016年MPA刚实施时,同业存单发行才1000多亿元。2017年1至7月,商业银行同业存单发行量已经超过11万亿元,同比增长55.7%。目前看,同业存款规模仍然大大超过同业存单,同业存单还有很大的发展空间。

央行有关负责人表示,为了加强对同业业务的评估,更好地反映金融机构对批发性融资的依赖程度,引导金融机构做好流动性管理,拟将同业存单纳入MPA的同业负债占比指标。

但为实现平稳过渡,央行将安排一定的过渡期。中国人民银行研究局局长徐忠介绍,从2018年一季度评估时才开始把同业存单纳入同业负债占比指标,至少有8个月的过渡期。“目前大部分同业存单期限为3个月,部分6个月,1年期不多,调整容易。”此外,实际上在5月份召开的利率定价自律机制会议上已披露相关考虑,相关银行今年以来就已经在主动调整。

“模拟测算显示,完善MPA同业负债占比指标对银行体系影响不大。”徐忠表示,截至今年二季度末,资产规模超过5000亿元的银行共有35家,其中大部分银行的新口径同业负债占比(含同业存单)已经符合要求;暂时不符合要求的银行,其新口径同业负债占比距离“三分之一”的达标要求也大多不超过3个百分点。动态地看,二季度末很多银行的新口径同业负债占比已经较一季度末有所下降。“预计经过8个月的过渡期调整后,达标的压力不大。”

目前,以2016年末的数据测算,总资产超过5000亿规模的有35家银行,包括五大国有银行、邮储银行、12家全国股份制商业银行、12家城商行、5家农商行。

在监管约束影响下,业内人士认为,1年以上同业存单的发行量或将有明显上升,并可能影响同业存单的发行成本。天风证券固定收益首席分析师孙彬彬认为,在今年“缺存款”的大背景下,短期内银行对同业负债的依赖较大,银行可能通过发行长期限的同业存单或者金融债来解决。“这可能会增加部分负债成本,但如果发行浮息存单的机构增加,形成相对活跃的浮息债二级市场,则有可能降低机构需要支付的流动性溢价。”

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