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亟须明确说法

2017-08-16 08:40:28   中国青年网

禁止兼职,就应厘清权利义务,保障待遇落实;允许兼职,就需要出台相应行为规范,监督教师处理好本兼职工作

在线教育培训机构的教师上一节课时薪高达1.8万元——2016年3月,曾被媒体报道过的网红物理教师王羽的收入,引起舆论广泛关注。时隔一年多,尽管在线教师的高收入不再被热炒,但在线教师的高收入却吸引不少在职教师兼职。在职教师兼职当在线教师是否违法,成为争议焦点(8月15日《法制日报》)。

对于“教师能否线上兼职”,人们意见不一。支持者提出,包括教师法、教育法、义务教育法在内的相关法律,都没有规定教师不能利用休息日、节假日去做兼职,对于网络有偿授课更是没有相关规定。反对者则认为,教师管理体制的基本特征是劳动力的“专买专卖”,教师的劳动就必须由校方所支配,不能再去校外收取额外报酬。

教师线上兼职问题引发争议,缘于教师行业身份定位不清。正如中国人民大学教育学院教授程方平指出,如果教师是公职人员,就要依照国家相关法律规定,不得从事第二职业。但如果教师的定位只是普通员工,那么在不影响工作的前提下,利用业余时间去兼职、打工是可以的。而问题就在于,我国现有教师队伍法律属性不明确,公立中小学教师的属性是专业性和公务性兼而有之,导致兼职的合法性模糊不清。

对此,有地方教育部门公开表示,公办中小学在职教师做在线教师,属于有偿补课,应该被禁止。不过,值得注意的是,在教育部印发的《严禁中小学校和在职中小学教师有偿补课的规定》中,并没有涉及在线教育平台。而2016年3月教育部相关负责人在接受采访时称,在线辅导属于近年新兴形式,中小学在职教师不应因为参与有偿在线授课而影响正常教学,至于会不会实行“一刀切”的禁令,尚在进一步研究中。

与过去“有偿补课,人人喊打”所不同,如今教师线上兼职却是叫好声颇高。中国教育在线曾在网上进行了一项调查,结果显示80%的受访者都支持教师在网络授课,理由是优秀教师在线授课是时代的需要。应该看到,在线教育突破时间和空间的限制,满足了移动互联网时代用户学习时间碎片化的需求,提升学习效率;优秀教师参与网络授课,可以有效解决因地域等原因造成的教育资源分配不公问题,促进教育公平。一些在线辅导名师“收入超过网红”,恰恰反映出广大学生对于优质教育资源的渴望和需求。

同时,教师热衷于线上兼职,也折射出工资收入缺乏保障。教师法第25条规定,教师的平均工资水平应当不低于或者高于国家公务员的平均工资水平,并逐步提高。但在现实中,绝大多数教师都达不到这个水平。工资低、晋升渠道窄、使得一些教师难以安心教书育人,更倾向于通过别的方式增加收入,谋求生计。

教师兼职已经过河,教育监管别再摸石头了。从对教师、学生和教育负责的角度出发,有关部门需要就“教师能否线上兼职”尽快给一个明确说法。如果禁止兼职,则不妨考虑代表委员提出的“教育公务员制度”,将教师列入公务员序列,厘清权利义务,保障待遇落实。如果允许兼职,就需要出台相应行为规范,加强教学工作考核,监督教师处理好本职和兼职的关系,保障学生权益。

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