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东北经济需“两翼齐飞”

2017-08-16 07:05:57   中国青年网

当前,社会上有些舆论把“东北经济下滑”作为深层和症结性问题来看,这其实只是“表层现象”,应当透过这个表象,探讨其深层的问题。我认为,造成东北振兴乏力、经济下滑的根本原因,是根深蒂固的“体制病”“结构病”“发展方式病”三种“病”在作怪。

先看“体制病”。由于市场体制尚不完善,经济体资源配置的灵活度不足,东北地区经济的自我修复能力较弱、困难也较多。一方面,东北地区市场化程度不高;另一方面,东北地区民营经济发展不充分,国有经济比重过高且效益不佳。这都是“体制病”造成的后果。

再看“结构病”。具体表现为三个方面:一是消费需求相对减弱;二是服务业发展滞后;三是在工业结构内部,重工业超高,新型工业发展滞后。这都属于需要通过结构调整来解决的问题。

最后看“发展方式病”。这主要体现在增长方式比较粗放,总是拼资源、拼人力、拼设备等。从数据上看,东北投资驱动型经济特征明显。2003年至2012年,东北三省全社会固定资产年度投资额占GDP的比重平均在56.78%左右,最高的年份达到86%。与此同时,创新驱动型经济尚未形成,技术创新对经济发展的作用较弱。更重要的是实体经济发展乏力,但在东北地区,这并非是虚拟经济过热造成的。

可见,东北经济遇到的困难不是哪一种“病”,而是“综合征”。因此,我们强烈呼唤东北地区全方位的改革和转型。

改革和转型需要精准的着力点。我的观点是,做优做活国有经济、做大做强民营经济“两翼齐飞”,才有可能带动东北经济重新“起飞”。

国有经济这“一翼”至关重要。我认为,解决东北经济的困难,不是依靠上多少基建项目或资金扶持就能解决的,要害在国有企业的发展上,这一点毋庸讳言。多年来,东北地区国有企业改革一直试图在困境中突破,改革攻坚十分艰苦,目前看来,东北国有经济还没有“突围”成功,一些方面的改革处于“胶着”状态。对此,必须要勇于展开更具有实质性的改革。

首先,要找准改革基点,将国企打造成“真正的市场主体”,进而增强活力。改革开放以来,为探索国企改革,东北三省走过了从企业租赁制、资产经营责任制、企业破产制,到实行公司制、股份制改造的道路,虽然取得了一定成效,但很多国有企业至今未将自身打造成真正的市场主体。鉴于此,必须紧紧咬住“市场主体”这个核心命题,切实增强企业内在活力、市场竞争力和发展引领力,使其成为东北老工业基地振兴的重要支撑力量。这是与东北地区特殊的发展实际相符合的。

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