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狩猎成往事 拥抱新生活(守望相助七十载 壮美亮丽内蒙古)

2017-08-16 06:16:32   中国青年网

隔着玻璃,凝视着陈列的猎枪,久久不愿离去……这些年来,在号称“中国冷极”的内蒙古根河市的最北端敖鲁古雅鄂温克族乡,一位又一位鄂温克族老猎民,走进当地驯鹿文化博物馆,缅怀难以割舍的狩猎生活。

数百年前,鄂温克族人从贝加尔湖流域迁徙到大兴安岭,并长年游猎在密林深处,靠狩猎和饲养驯鹿生活。因此,猎枪之于猎民,好比锄头之于农民。2003年,鄂温克族人响应政府号召,含着热泪交出猎枪,走出大兴安岭林区,迁到山下的根河市郊。

“闲下来就特别想摸枪。猎枪,成了永恒的记忆。”10岁就开始打猎的鄂温克族人古革军说,手痒了,就来博物馆仔细瞅瞅,一解相思之苦。

不过,新的生活正向他们招手。在政府引导下,作为我国唯一饲养驯鹿的少数民族,鄂温克族人做起生态旅游的文章。

来到驯鹿部落景区树林深处,沿木栈道前行,传来阵阵笑语欢声,一头长着巨大鹿角的驯鹿在林中徜徉。操着天南海北口音的游客,一边喂养驯鹿,一边照相留念。

身着民族服饰的古革军,点起熏烟为驯鹿驱赶蚊子,他戏称自己是“网红”:牵着驯鹿宝贝,登过北京的剧院舞台,上过娱乐节目,参加过商演……“日子越来越好。”

一样迎来好光景的,还有和鄂温克族并称为“三少”民族的鄂伦春族和达斡尔族。

鄂伦春自治旗大杨树镇政府向西4公里,一排红瓦白墙、形似传统民居“撮罗子”的新建房屋映入眼帘,多布库尔猎民村到了。村口宣传栏里的几张大海报,依稀能看出当年村里猎枪手的英姿。

“那都是历史见证了。”村支书孟亚静说,自1996年禁猎以来,当地推动旅游开发,全村69户155人全部吃上了“旅游饭”:到景区打工,制作手工艺品……村民人均生产性收入从过去不到1000元,提高到目前的7000多元。

更大的希望还在后头。眼下,家门口的鄂伦春民俗文化旅游景区已初具规模。再过两年,这里将打造成4A级景区,到时游客会更多、人气会更旺。

“过去我们靠猎枪过日子,现在靠科技种地奔小康。”走进莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗阿尔拉镇马当浅村,在自家宽敞的院落内,达斡尔族种粮大户敖敦林说起话来中气十足。不远处,拖拉机、收割机、旋耕机等十多辆大型农业机械一字排开。“一年种地纯收入大概20多万元。”敖敦林说,多亏了这些“宝贝”,家里种了1200多亩地不费力气,这在过去农忙时节,要几十个人才忙得过来。

他家老房子墙上,悬挂着一张泛黄的老照片:一位中年汉子,用鞭子赶着一头耕地的老黄牛。那是上世纪80年代,敖敦林父亲耕地的场景。

这些年来,敖敦林带领村民成立农业专业合作社,建设粮食生产全程机械化生产示范基地。村里越来越多人,紧跟他的步伐,走上了科学种田的道路。“现在地里几乎看不到牛了。”敖敦林的二儿子敖伟华大学毕业后,毅然选择返乡种粮。

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