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项目式教学为何有可能成功?

2017-08-16 04:30:52   中国青年网

一部尚未公映的教育纪录片,已获24个国际影展奖项,并在美国上千所学校巡回放映,被誉为“有史以来最值得一看”的教育电影。

这部名为《极有可能成功》的纪录片,将镜头聚焦在一所名叫High Tech High (HTH)的学校,展现了HTH与众不同的教育方法以及由此引发的关于教育改革的深入思考。

无教材也不考试

一样能取得好成绩

这所学校没有课本,没有固定教室,没有上下课铃声甚至没有考试。抛弃了加州的课程标准,放弃了以考试为目的的分学科教学体系,跳出了只雇佣师范学院专业教师的局限,彻底采用项目制跨学科学习。

学校不以成绩评判学生成功与否,也就没有考试成绩可以向家长报告,每年一度的展览就是孩子们的学习成果,展览内容就是孩子们进行的项目,可能是一本书、一场话剧、一幅画或是一个机械装置,虽然是老师设定的项目,但孩子在这个过程中有着极大的自主权。

这个展览对全社区的人们开放,因此,孩子们都希望自己的项目能够以最完美的形式展现。学习的意义变得很真实,不是一个标准化测试来评判孩子的学习,而是观展人会如何评价孩子的作品。在真实世界的工作成果,其实也是相同的评价标准,即你的工作是否能得到其他人的认可。

HTH不是一所昂贵的私立学校,更不是什么贵族学校。作为一所公立特许学校,HTH通过抽签的方式决定入学资格,这里一半的学生来自低收入家庭。而正是这样“普通”的生源,这样创新的教育方式教育出来的学生,却有着高达98%的大学录取率(它所在的加州平均水平是50%)。HTH学生的平均成绩比地区平均水平高出10%。

起初,父母们充满疑惑地把孩子送到这里,随后经历了紧张、焦虑、感动和惊喜等各种可能的情感体验。但98%的大学入学率,成功打消了父母对这所学校的疑虑,随后的17年间,HTH成功增设13所学校,并将教育延伸到了初中和小学。

当然,学生平均成绩好或大学录取率高并非就是教育改革成功的标志,不能够说明学生未来的人生会怎样,这也是影片命名为“极有可能成功”的严谨之处。

理想学校应像博物馆

标准化的成功不能复制

哈佛大学霍华德·加德纳教授曾提出,理想的学校就应该像儿童博物馆,给孩子上课的,应该是各行各业的真正的专业人士,他们可以带着孩子们一起探索真实世界,解决真实世界的问题,教给孩子们真正实用的知识和能力,而不是应对考试的技巧。

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