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社会情绪也能成为一种传播信息

2017-08-14 03:28:04   中国青年网

王俊秀

社会情绪是指一定社会环境下,某一群体或某些群体或社会多数人所共享的情绪体验。它并非个体情绪的简单叠加或混合,而是个体之间、个体与群体之间、群体与群体之间互动的结果,同时从发展的历程看,也是一定社会、文化背景影响下个体和群体的情绪反应,会逐渐形成较为内在的、持续的社会情感。社会情绪比较短暂,具有情境性,社会情感则更加深刻、持久,有时二者是混为一体,难以清晰分辨的。

笔者认为,在关注新媒体时代多样化的社会情绪表达的同时,关注社会群体、社会阶层内在的社会情感,特别是特定社会情绪和社会情感间内在的关联和转换非常重要。新媒体时代的信息传播更集中,比以往任何时期更容易实现家喻户晓、更具情绪特征,社会情绪和社会情感本身也成为一种传播信息。

新媒体时代社会成员更容易产生共同情绪。不同媒体平台上人们的情绪、情感更便捷地表达、分享,情绪的传播更生动、真实,更容易感染别人,得到更多人的共鸣,由分享而共享,由共感而共情。与此同时,社会地位、生活环境、价值观等影响人们对周围环境和社会事件的态度,人们会表现出不同的情绪和情感反应。群际情绪理论认为,当个体认同某一群体时,内群体就成为自我的一部分,具有了社会和情绪意义,评价与内群体有关的事物都会带有情绪的色彩,好像这些事情是发生在个体自身一样,于是情绪从个人水平拓展到了群体水平。

新媒体时代的情绪是分化的,更容易导致两极化。由于人们对于观点、价值观和事件的态度与情绪的分享,就容易聚类和群分。相同的社会情绪和社会情感可以拉近社会成员距离,具有相似或相同情感的人凝聚在一起,或抱团取暖,寻求相互慰藉,或分享彼此快乐,共同喜悦的狂欢也扩大,增强着原有的愉悦。通过社会沟通与社会分享,群体的凝聚力和同质性得到提高,使群体内的个体成员更易于采用群体视角评价事件,从而强化了群体评价,增强了群体情绪。情绪的共同性和情绪的分化是同时产生的,是社会心态的不同面向。群体评价理论认为,社会认同过程是经由群体评价而在塑造群体情绪中实现的,社会沟通与社会分享起着重要的作用,通过社会沟通与社会分享提高了群体的凝聚力和群体的同质性,使群体内的个体成员更易于采用群体视角评价事件,从而强化了群体评价,增强了群体情绪。

相似、相同的情绪和情感的聚集容易引发情绪的分化,而分化的情绪更容易走向两极化。在新媒体时代,两极的情绪更加凸显,容易被感受到,也容易感染外界,更容易汇集而使情绪强化和升级。新媒体时代的情绪由原来的暗火变成了明火,容易产生更大的影响。同一事件常常能引起不同群体完全相反的情绪反应,并可能激化矛盾和冲突。其内在的原因是,阶层认同下社会情绪逐渐积淀、固化为特定的社会情感,反过来成为影响社会情绪和社会态度的基调。

(作者为中国社科院社会学研究所研究员)

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