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我的“三院论”:学院医院和法院

2017-08-16 04:26:47   中国青年网

□ 周大伟

法学教授方流芳先生读大学本科时的专业是中医。80年代中期,我和他一起毕业留校后共事于中国人民大学法学研究所。有一天,我突然问他,你是学中医的,你觉得中医这东西到底灵不灵?老方没有回答,只是一脸的苦笑,记得他当时不停地摇头,头摇得像拨浪鼓一样。我了解老方的为人,执着、认真,正直。我不须多问,已经不难想象,方教授当年弃医从文的决定除了不乏鲁迅式的“拯救国人灵魂”的念头外,恐怕还多少有些对中医专业的失望和无奈。

我们知道,良医有两种:一种是自己能够把病人治好;一种是知道自己治不好而把病人推荐给治得好的医生。我以为,无论是中医还是西医,都应当铭记希波格拉底的那段著名的誓言:“我将牢记医学是一门(严谨的)科学……我不知道的时候就要说”我不知道“,我不应该感到羞愧。如果其他的专业的人士能帮上我病人的忙,我会请求他们的帮助。我一定要避免两种不正当的倾向:过度治疗和无作用治疗”。我想,这才是作为一个医学工作者的职业道德底线。

我无意介入酣战淋漓的中西医辩论,也不同意那些对中医持完全否定态度的观点。无论如何,我们的祖先给我们留下了迄今为止世界上最丰富的传统医术典籍,有必要深入研究。只是觉得,号脉也好,用听诊器也好,写处方用毛笔也行,用钢笔也罢,作为一个医生,在人命关天这个事情上,来不得半点虚假和盲从。因此,对于过多的没有科学根据的“排毒养颜、滋阴壮阳”以及“吃啥补啥”“谁用谁知道”之类哗众取宠的说法,我提醒善良的人们保持足够的警惕。

关于法院

众所周知,从古代到一百多年前的中国,更是没有独立的法院组织的。中国现代司法制度并非直接从自己的历史传统中演变而来的,而是传统司法在西方司法文明的冲击下渐次转型而形成的。

古代中国没有分权制度的设计,行政与司法高度合一。知县和知府,既是拥有行政管理权的地方官员,又是拥有司法审判权的法官大人,同时还是教化地方民众的道德楷模;县衙门既是地方行署的办公所在地,又是民刑案件的过堂听讯处。同时,在古代中国,民事诉讼和刑事诉讼没有区分,没有检察官,更没有律师。在衙门内,根本不讲究证据规则,对当事人施行刑讯逼供的现象比比皆是,完全谈不上近代意义上的人权保障机构。加上法律的道德化及其判决的不确定性等,使古代中国的司法权的运作呈现出非理性特征。

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