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中国好故事也需科幻文学“传声”

2017-08-15 04:11:46   中国青年网

【文化评析】

据媒体报道,第75届雨果奖于芬兰时间8月11日在赫尔辛基的世界科幻大会上揭晓,虽然备受期待的刘慈欣长篇小说《三体Ⅲ·死神永生》与最佳长篇故事奖无缘,但出席现场的100多个中国人成为大会亮点,这也是首次有这么多中国面孔现身这个世界科幻展示平台。

科幻文学的繁荣,要看高度,也要看广度。如果说,被誉为中国科幻文学里程碑之作的《三体Ⅰ》在2015年获得雨果奖,是对中国科幻文学创作抵达高度的首肯,那么世界科幻大会上中国面孔越来越多,则不啻为中国科幻文学作者群和读者基数越来越大的掠影。

这自然是好事:科幻题材向来是最“技术流”和具有前瞻性的叙事,它跟科技发展互为镜鉴。从本源看,科幻“是为了在文化和思想上应对新的社会结构和生产关系下人与技术之间的张力而诞生的一种文学门类”,也是科学与想象结合的艺术载体;从作用看,正如科幻文学先驱雨果·根斯巴克所说的,“科幻小说是帮助读者吸收科学知识的糖丸”,是提升人们科学素养的重要文学介质。鲁迅早些年就说过:“导中国人群以行进,必自科学小说始!”

前些年,在中国幻想文学领域,承神话传说、志怪小说衣钵而来的玄幻文学固然枝繁叶茂,舶来后移栽在中国文化土壤上的科幻文学,却未成气候——在众多文学类型中,它长期处于边缘化地位;在迅速发展的中国科技、日新月异的中国故事面前,整体上有种“想象力跟不上现实”的滞后感。

虽然这跟中国的文化特征有关——不同于美国文化中的探索未来倾向,中国文化更讲究回溯传统,文艺创作也倾向于历史叙事而非瞄准人工智能、太空探索等题材。但反映科技和未来想象力的科幻文学艺术,今天不应再成短板。尤其是中国移动互联网经济和巨型对撞机、量子通信网络走在世界前列的当下,中国科幻应展现出“世界第二大经济体”的格局和科技想象力。

这两年,中国科幻文学已呈现崛起之势,随着其不断走出国门、走向世界,中国科幻文学的国际能见度、知名度也在提升。有研究者认为,未来几年将是中国科幻文学的爆发期。此说虽然尚存变数,但观察2016年中国科幻创作出版和产业发展的上行态势,中国科幻确实进入了初步繁荣期。

为支持科幻文学艺术和事业产业发展,2016年3月,国办出台的《全民科学素质行动计划纲要实施方案(2016—2020年)》中,明确指出要大力开展科幻、动漫、视频、游戏等形式的科普创作。而设立“中国国际科幻节”,也已进入科协的行动纲领。

中国科幻的繁荣和走出去,有助于讲好中国故事,特别是讲好中国科技发展所内含的创新精神的故事。像“三体热”,就隐隐对应着中国的航天技术进步和互联网精神等,其瑰丽想象也跟科技创新互相呼应。如今世界对中国科幻的关注,也意味着对中国的关注。如刘慈欣所言,科幻文学正在也应当成为外部世界读懂中国的一把新钥匙。

“不是幻想,但像幻想;不是神奇,但很神奇;不是惊险故事,但很惊险。它将把我们引向远处,引向高处,引向深处,使我们中华民族的精神境界有所发扬提高。”钱学森曾对“科学文学艺术”如是阐释。讲好中国故事,也需要科幻文学“传声”。

(作者:佘宗明)

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