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法官解读共有产权住房法律问题

2017-08-16 04:21:12   中国青年网

本报记者 高健 通讯员 杨成龙 陈光华

《北京市共有产权住房管理暂行办法》近日向社会征求意见,该办法正式通过后,将帮助更多的人实现“住有所居”。但是,购买共有产权住房后能否租赁、抵押?此类房屋的车位、物业费如何分配和缴纳?对于这些问题,西城法院法官进行了分析。

共有产权住房应为按份共有

解读共有产权住房一切问题的根源,在于此类房屋的性质,是按份共有还是共同共有。对此,该办法指出,共有产权住房,是指政府提供政策支持,由建设单位开发建设,销售价格低于同地段、同品质商品住房价格水平,并限定使用和处分权利,实行政府与购房人按份共有产权的政策性商品住房。

虽然该办法禁止擅自出售、出租、出借共有产权住房,但合法出售等行为,如何操作?物权法规定:处分共有的不动产或者动产以及对共有的不动产或者动产作重大修缮的,应当经占份额三分之二以上的按份共有人或者全体共同共有人同意,但共有人之间另有约定的除外。

因此,法官预判,将来共有产权家庭用房产进行贷款、抵押、出租、出让或进行重大修缮时,可能会因产权权限不足三分之二与代持机构间发生纠纷。法官建议,政府部门在制定相关配套规定或正式签约时,应对产权家庭的前述权限予以明确。

产权份额可能引发物业纠纷

该办法规定,购房人产权份额,参照项目销售均价占同地段、同品质普通商品住房价格的比例确定。具体的比例确定方式需待办法正式通过后,依据相关规定确定。

而物权法则明确规定:决定筹集和使用建筑物及其附属设施的维修资金、改建、重建建筑物及其附属设施,应当经专有部分占建筑物总面积三分之二以上的业主且占总人数三分之二以上的业主同意。决定制定和修改业主大会议事规则、制定和修改建筑物及其附属设施的管理规约、选举业主委员会或者更换业主委员会成员、选聘和解聘物业服务企业或者其他管理人、有关共有和共同管理权利的其他重大事项,应当经专有部分占建筑物总面积过半数的业主且占总人数过半数的业主同意。

法官分析,在购房人产权份额确定后,行使建筑物区分所有权时可能就车位、公用修缮、物业服务、业主委员会等问题与其他业主或代持机构发生纠纷。因此,在出台相关规定或正式签约时,应注意明确这些物业服务等内容。

应明确约定购房人贷款权限

如果买房后,无力支付房款怎么办?如果购房人把产权卖给第三人,第三人和代持机构发生纠纷如何处理?这也是很多人关心的问题。

根据办法规定:共有产权住房可经购房人和代持机构协商一致向符合条件家庭转让,按产权比例获相应的转让款;共有产权住房购房人取得产权证未满5年不允许转让。因特殊原因确需转让的,可向建委(房管局)提申请,由代持机构回购;代持机构拥有优先购买权。

法官分析,在办法征求意见稿中,购房人可按政策性住房有关贷款规定申请住房公积金、商业银行等购房贷款,也可将其所有部分用于抵押。但这就会涉及购房人在无力还清贷款、抵押权实现或其他债务纠纷导致对房屋进行拍卖等处理时,代持机构在维护国家社会利益的同时,与第三人法律关系的问题。

对此,法官建议,相关政府部门在制定相关规定或签订正式合同时,对购房人的贷款权限、能否二次抵押、拍卖是否设定基准价等应做出明确约定,并与相关部门出台联合规定,预防有关合同效力与撤销权的纠纷。

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