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做回锅肉,关键在精细二字

2017-08-16 03:41:49   中国青年网

◎石光华

我曾经遇到一个老人,据别人讲,他的厨艺,得过蓝光鉴先生几天指点。川菜一道的道中行者,没有不知道蓝光鉴先生的,他是现代川菜的开山鼻祖,以南北烹饪高手之艺融会于川味,将天下名菜以川味出之,开创了一代川味正宗,后来的孔道生、周海秋、曾国华等许多川菜大师,都是他的徒弟。我生也晚,我辈也愚,无福无缘亲受蓝光鉴先生的饮食恩泽,但能遇上一个受过一代宗师教诲的厨师,也是三生有幸了。

这个老人讲,做回锅肉,关键在精细二字,越简单的,就要越用心:

一是选肉要精:要当天宰杀的鲜猪肉,后腿二刀,肥四瘦六宽三指,太肥则腻,太瘦则焦,太宽太窄都难成型;

二是煮肉要调味:很多人清水煮肉,难出肉香,因此,水滚开以后,要先放入生姜(用刀拍开)、大葱节、大蒜、花椒吊汤,等汤气香浓,再放入洗净的猪肉,六成熟就捞起备用,不能煮得太软;

三是切肉要巧:很多人等肉冷了再切,肥瘦易断,热的时候又烫手,下刀难以均匀,懂行的厨师,把捞起的肉放在冷水里浸一浸,趁外冷内热时下刀,现在有了冰箱,可以把刚煮好的肉放到急冻室里两三分钟,这就更好切了,厚薄适当,分半为佳,刀刀断开,片片均匀;

四是配料要正当:豆瓣一定要正宗的郫县豆瓣,用刀剁细,甜面酱要色泽黑亮,甜香纯正,酱油要浓稠可挂瓶壁;

五是煎熬要拿准火候:一些在家里主厨的人,习惯冷锅放油,还习惯直接放生油熬熟后做菜,一般来讲,这都是烹饪之忌。冷锅热到劲起,油温过高,生油熬熟,油烟太重,炝入菜中,大败菜的本味。因此,应该待锅热后,放入已经熬熟的油,做回锅肉也要先放一点油,最好是熬熟的菜油,菜油与肉中的猪油融合,更有煎熬的香味,现在城里人,已很少用菜油的,况且,市面上也很少能买着质地清醇的菜油,那就只好用调和油了。还有人怕油太重,干脆不放油,直接将切好的猪肉放入锅中煎熬,这样做,油是不重了,但肉也干焦了,入口难以化渣,全无了回锅肉干香中徐徐而来的细软。其实,嫌油太重,下配料和作料前,倒出一些就是。热锅中油到四成温烫,就可放肉煎熬,记得老人讲,这又是一个细微处。切好的肉,放了一阵子,肉片就会粘连在一起,若要炒散,容易使肥瘦分离,若让肉片待粘连的油化开,自己分散,又容易造成下焦上腻,煎熬不均匀,因此,煮肉的汤要保持一定温度,肉片下锅前,用漏瓢将肉在汤中汆散,再入锅煎熬,这样,肥瘦不断,而且,肉片上一定的水分,还可保持肉的嫩软。

四川人把回锅肉又叫做是熬锅肉,烹饪技艺中,没有“熬”法,它是将炒、爆、煸、炸四法融为一体,使烹制的菜具有由四法而得的风味特点。另外,掌握火候也是熬肉的关键。熬肉用中火,下肉片后,即下剁细的郫县豆瓣,混合熬炒,使豆瓣特有的色泽和味道深入肉中。火候油温拿捏得当的师傅,能把肉片熬制成一个一个的卷窝形状,俗称“灯盏窝”。肉片成窝时,立即放入甜面酱、酱油少许,也可适当放几滴料酒,放一点鸡精,以增加香味和鲜味。然后,马上加入配料,改为大火,翻炒致熟就可起锅。正宗的回锅肉,应该用香蒜苗作配料,在四川,夏秋时节,这种又细又长的蒜苗上市了,人们知道,一年中,吃回锅肉的好时候到了。有人用一种很粗、叶子又长又宽的蒜苗作配料,川人叫它是葱蒜苗,一股冲鼻的坏葱味,真真坏了回锅肉的举世英名。

易学难精,是我对做回锅肉的最大体会。我学做此菜,已有二十余年,仍然是有时仿佛到家了,有时又不伦不类。现在回锅肉的品类已经很多了,连山回锅肉、干豇豆回锅肉、红椒回锅肉、蕨菜回锅肉……乃至用腊肉为主料的一系列回锅肉,都算是回锅肉的滥觞吧。名目虽多,其理如一。

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