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殷勇:资金是“一带一路”建设关键

2017-08-14 15:13:34   中国青年网

殷勇:资金是“一带一路”建设关键

开发性金融应发挥主要作用

□本报记者 陈莹莹

央行副行长殷勇12日在首届中国金融四十人伊春论坛上表示,资金是“一带一路”建设的关键,而对于这些资金需求的满足,开发性金融应发挥主要作用。

殷勇说,“一带一路”建设可覆盖全球接近70%的人口,资金需求量巨大。依据亚洲开发银行所做测算,2016-2020年,除中国外,亚太地区国家仅在基础设施投资方面的需求就大约为每年5030亿美元,但公共部门和私人部门的资金供给量总额仅为每年1960亿美元,两者差额约每年3070亿美元,约占所涉及地区GDP的5%。按照这一比例进行推算可知,“一带一路”全部覆盖区域中的基础设施投资缺口将会超过每年6000亿美元。

同时,由对覆盖亚太地区主要国际金融机构资本金规模的所做统计可知,以开发性为主的主要国际金融机构的资本金总规模不过5134亿美元,即便将这些资本金全部用于投资“一带一路”基础设施建设,也不能弥补这一项目一年所需资金量。所以,资金是“一带一路”建设的关键。而对于“一带一路”建设资金需求的满足,开发性金融应发挥主要作用。

殷勇指出,要发挥开发性金融的杠杆作用,提升开发性金融的效力,有四个方面值得探讨。第一,开发性金融有限的资金应当尽可能用于股本投资,从而撬动更多的债务融资。第二,开发性金融资金应当尽可能用作劣后级资本,承担更多风险,从而撬动更多的股权投资跟进。第三,尽可能采取公私合营模式,更多撬动私人部门投资。第四,开发性金融资金应当尽可能投资基础设施、国家安全相关的正外部效应强的项目,给市场、给“一带一路”沿线国家提供更多的公共品,从而撬动其他更多项目的投资,使得其他项目在商业上更具有吸引力和可持续性。

殷勇进一步指出,“一带一路”建设面临比较多的风险,约一半国家的主权信用评级都在投资级以下。发挥资金的杠杆效用以后,就可以运用分散化的手段完善“一带一路”开发性融资的风险管理,以避免有限的开发性金融资金集中在少数大型项目上。否则一旦出现风险,损失会比较大。

在开发性金融的推进过程中,不可避免会有币种选择的问题。具有吸引力的项目,经常会面对不少的国际竞争。人民币10年期国债利率达到3.5%左右的水平,给人形成的印象是没有竞争力,但殷勇认为,这种认识可能不准确。

殷勇表示,第一,如果金融市场足够发达,两种币种可以通过货币掉期操作进行转化。第二,我国也能提供多个币种的融资选择。中国外汇储备包含全球所有发达国家和新兴市场国家的货币,如果融资需求中有其他币种需要,是能够满足需求的。“人民币池子相对而言较大,在提供人民币资金方面更有竞争优势,人民币应该能够在‘一带一路’中发挥更大作用。”

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