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民国学者琉璃厂买书趣事

2017-08-15 15:22:59   中国青年网

民国年间琉璃厂的书肆及古玩市场

民国年间琉璃厂的书肆及古玩市场

作为文化中心,北京的出版业发达,如今人们购书买书都非常方便。在民国时期以及更早的清朝年间,北京城里购书买书最好的去处,当属和平门外的琉璃厂。这个因文人雅士聚集南城而兴起的图书集市,在几百年的历史中,扮演着重要的文化传承的角色。

民国时期,知名学者与琉璃厂书肆的交往,在现代文化史上几乎俯拾皆是。鲁迅在北京的十多年间,留下四百余次逛琉璃厂的记录。胡适曾要求他的学生多去跑跑琉璃厂的旧书店,“那里书店的老掌柜的并不见得比大学生懂得少呢!”

当然,学者与琉璃厂书肆之间的关系,并不都是其乐融融的。琉璃厂毕竟是个商业场所,学者大多还是清寒之辈,面对心仪的旧书,这些大学者们有时也是“捉襟见肘”。

自乾隆以来,琉璃厂书肆的特色就是“学者按图索骥,贾人饰椟卖珠,于是纸贵洛阳,声蜚日下,士夫踪迹半在海王村矣”(云间颠公《纪京城书肆之沿革》)。民国时期,这种风气仍然存在,书肆根据学者们和各大研究机构的需求,到各地去访书,其规模之大,甚至超过了当年《四库全书》编纂时的盛况。

书肆下这么大的功夫和本钱,当然是指望搜回来的书能大赚一笔。不过旧书与新书不同,价格并不固定,它与当时的文化潮流有关。张涵锐(民国学者)描述当年不同的文化热潮对琉璃厂书肆所卖旧书价格的影响:“一九二四年徐世昌主编晚晴簃诗汇时,广为搜集清人诗集,而当时一般附庸风雅之人,争相购取,书价乃随之陡增。民国三四年间,袁世凯盗国,其子克文广购宋椠精本,于是宋板书籍,价值奇昂,而嗜此者乃风靡一时。北京图书馆成立后,在民国十五六年间,极力搜集清代禁书,书价亦遂因之而涨……”

据记载,地方志最初由日本人来购求时价极廉,一罗(英制单位,一罗等于144码,相当于132厘米)才卖一银元,后来学风转移,大家越来越重视,价格随之上涨,到1935年,一部《香河县志》就能卖80元。著名学者的提倡也能“抬高”琉璃厂旧书的价格。曾有文记载,胡适在介绍传记文学时,谈到汪辉祖的《病榻梦痕录》,这本书立刻涨价,林语堂提到了袁中郎(袁宏道),《中郎集》的价格也涨了。

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