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上海教材“走红”英国 教改不只是“西天取经”

2017-08-15 11:05:35   央广网

原标题:上海教材“走红”英国,教改不只是“西天取经

近日,一篇来自外媒名为《为提高数学成绩 英国采用中国教科书》的消息,引发了社会的广泛关注和讨论。据悉,上海一至六年级数学教材英文版,包括课本、课本练习册和教学参考书,共计36个品种,目前该教材已处于审核阶段,今年9月新学期开学,上海和英国部分地区的小学生同步使用修订后的教材。(8月14日《法制晚报》)

在英国广播公司《我们的孩子足够坚强吗?》的纪录片播出之后,英国准备向中国教育“取经”的消息不时听闻。类似的事情每一次出现,都会引起国内网友广泛关注。在出国留学大潮中,这种强烈“反差”不仅满足了国人的“虚荣心”,更引发了公众对中西教育的理性深刻思考。

我国中小学教材第一次成系统、大规模进入欧美发达国家的国民教育体系,确实应该引以为豪,但也绝不可被“胜利”冲昏头脑。简而言之,英国的教材和我国的教材,完全不可同日而语。我们的教材常常被称为“教科书”,一个省市几乎所有学校用一样的统编教材。由于诸多因素的综合作用,英国学校拥有极大的办学自主权,使用何种版本的教材由学校教师、家长自主选择,有的学校则干脆自己编写校本教材,换言之,英国将有多少小学采用上海小学数学教材,难以遽下定论。

更值得反思的是,英国人如此“推崇”我们的数学教材,一些英国教师被九九乘法表“震惊”,表示要把中国的“数学艺术”带进课堂,反躬自问,为何在包括英国等发达国家所“看好”的“中国式教学”,却无法培养和促进中国的自然科学,以致多年来一直在发达国家的科技成就和规模后面苦苦追赶?我们的教育究竟存在哪些问题,又该何去何从?

众所周知,中西教育适宜各自国情,都存在各自的问题。以英国为例,其主要问题是在个性化教育理念主导下,学校不对学生提出统一的高难度学习要求,而是在较低的共性要求基础上,鼓励学生差异发展。因此,如何在充分尊重学校和学生自主权的基础上,适当改变教学方式,提高对学生的共性要求,成为改革的焦点与难点。相反,我国的教学问题,则是对学生提出的共性要求太高、太难,以至于学生学业负担沉重,并影响了学生真正的兴趣发展。因此,中西教育之间如何相互借鉴学习,取长补短,共臻理想之境,实乃当务之急。

正是看到了中国教育的不足,我们大力推进教育改革,力图通过选择性理念的倡导落实彰显个性化发展。然而,在改革的过程中,也出现了唯西方教育是从的倾向,认为只有向西方教育学习才能医治中国教育的应试病。其实,教育改革固然需要“西天取经”,但更离不开从中国传统教育中寻求智慧。只要翻开《论语》,那些被人们所推崇的“个性化、人性化、多元化、培养发散性批判性思维”等西方教育理念,几乎都能找到“鼻祖”:“因材施教”、“有教无类”、启发式、诱导式……

诚如北大考试研究院院长秦春华先生所言:中式教育并不只意味着当下中国的教育,而是包含了自孔子以降中国数千年来的教育理想、教育传统和教育精神。我们之所以对当下中国教育产生诸多不满和批评,是因为我们现在背离甚至丢弃了古代中国教育先贤的优良传统。解决当代中国的教育问题,不仅需要眼睛向外,学习借鉴西方的教育理念和模式,更需要的是眼睛向内,从古代中国伟大的教育思想和实践中汲取智慧和力量。

诚哉斯言!看来,教育改革不仅仅需要中西融合,更亟待追根溯源,聆听古圣先贤的教诲。换言之,“走出去”、“请进来”之余,如何返本开新,值得引发所有人深思。从这个意义上讲,上海小学数学教材“走红”英国,无疑可以让我们更为理性地看待中西教育,进而更好地发掘中式教育的价值与内涵。

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