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千古人物抒情怀 涪州胜迹入诗来 ——探寻古诗中的涪陵

2017-08-15 09:23:47   中国青年网

乌江画廊。 记者 崔力 摄

周易园。 记者 崔力 摄

“枳县当三峡,巴梁对两渠……”这是明代诗人曹学佺在万历二年(1574年)游历涪陵时有感而作的诗歌《涪州》。

“枳县,即涪州;巴梁,即巴子梁,今天的白鹤梁;两渠,指长江和乌江。”站在白鹤梁水下博物馆前,涪陵区古诗研究者王小波指着一旁的长江说,这两句诗的大意是:涪州城地处长江三峡的交通要道上,而白鹤梁位于长江、乌江的交汇之处,这里地理位置十分重要,不同寻常。

扼长江、乌江交汇要冲的涪陵,因乌江古称涪水,以及巴国先王陵墓多葬于此而得名。2000多年前,巴国便在此设郡,秦、汉、晋时设枳县,自隋唐以来一直为涪陵州(县)所在地。

千百年来,涪陵的山水风物与历史文化,不仅滋养了一代又一代涪陵人,还成为杜甫、苏轼、陆游等大家歌颂的对象,留下了传世诗咏之作。

谁为涪陵写下第一首诗?

中国戏剧出版社2014年出版的《涪陵历代诗文选校注》一书,收集整理了涪陵历代流传广、影响大的200余首古诗。

那么,谁为涪陵写下第一首诗呢?

据王小波考证,最早涉有“涪”字,并以其指代“涪州”的古诗,是唐代杜甫所写的《杜鹃》:“西川有杜鹃,东川无杜鹃。涪万无杜鹃,云安有杜鹃……”

从诗文可知,唐朝以前在今涪陵与万州一带没有“杜鹃”这一飞禽。

诗题中最早有“涪州”二字的,是唐代张祜的《送李长史归涪州》:“涪江江上客,岁晚却还乡。暮过高唐雨,晨经巫峡霜……”

王小波介绍,该诗收录在《全唐诗》第510卷中,是一首送别诗。“诗人以简洁明快的笔调,让我们得以了解古涪州的风貌,同时写出了送别友人时深厚真挚的感情。”

此外,诗文中最早有“涪陵”两字的是唐贯休《晚春寄张侍郎》中的“遐想涪陵岸”之句;最早直接以“涪州”为名的诗是南宋陆游的《涪州》,之后直接以“涪州”为名写诗的历史文化名人还有曹学佺、刘光第等;诗题中最早出现“涪陵”两字的则是北宋宋翰的《题涪陵郡》。

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