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自来水中的消毒副产物有害吗?
2017-08-14 07:17:54 中国青年网
自来水经常能闻到消毒水的味道,这是因为使用了氯。那么,自来水中的余氯及消毒副产物有害吗?
省环保厅水环境管理处相关负责人说,自来水厂对水质的要求有一项重要指标,就是要求消毒剂余量要达到一定浓度限值以上,只有在这个限值水平上才可能有效地杀灭水中的常见微生物。以液氯消毒来说,自来水出厂水中游离性余氯的浓度要大于0.3毫克/升,只有大于这个数值才可能保证原水中常见的微生物得到有效杀灭。从水厂到老百姓家里的过程中,水中的游离性余氯浓度也要求保持在0.05毫克/升以上,这是为了抑制自来水在输送、储存过程中发生二次污染。
控制微生物污染,最有效的手段就是对饮用水进行消毒。目前液氯消毒是我国应用最为广泛的消毒方式。
部分消毒剂在使用过程中可能会生成副产物。比如液氯消毒,如果原水里含有一些腐殖质或非腐殖质等的前驱物,在加入液氯以后可能会生成卤代烃、卤乙酸等消毒副产物,这在20世纪70年代就得到证明。
如何破解上述难题?该负责人表示,首先是控制加氯量,再采用一些前处理方法去除前驱物,就可以把消毒副产物控制在一定浓度范围内。《生活饮用水卫生标准》对主要消毒副产物有明确的限制要求:在消毒剂使用过程中既要保证能够有效杀灭微生物,同时也要把所产生的消毒副产物控制在安全范围之内。本报记者 殷鹏
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