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历史剧:你的担当在哪里

2017-08-10 05:33:05   中国青年网

近日,电视剧《大军师司马懿之军师联盟》的播出引发舆论热议。由于第一次从司马懿的视角来描写三国历史,并把司马懿塑造成了一个忍辱负重的战略大师,所以该剧带给观众一种新奇感,意外取得很高的收视率。

这部剧表面看虽然没有像网络小说那样轻佻,里面没有穿越,也没改变历史走向,还采取了看似严肃的叙事方式,但是对于司马懿这个人物的描写与塑造却颠覆了1000多年来人们对他的认知,进而让人对我们长期坚持的评判该历史人物的价值谱系产生怀疑,这不能不说是对历史的另一种戏说和虚化。

历史剧属于文艺作品。不同于历史记录与历史研究,我们可以对历史剧放宽标准,可既然假历史之名,就应当尊重最基本的历史事实。作为一种文艺形式,历史剧当然允许对史书中缺乏记载的具体史实进行想象与创造,但必须控制在一定的限度内,从大的思路上必须符合历史真实。

《三国演义》之所以成功,就因为它是“七分史实,三分想象”,用三分想象的具体情节填补了史实的不足。历史上并没有“桃园三结义”,也没有关云长“过五关斩六将”,但关羽、张飞当时号称“万人敌”,一生忠于刘备,生死不渝是事实;关羽被曹操所俘,受到厚待,在官渡之战前哨战中斩杀颜良,为曹操立下大功之后脱曹投刘是事实;诸葛亮六出祁山,皆无功而返也是事实。基于这些事实,形成了人们对历史人物的基本认知和价值评判。小说家正是在人们的固有认知和价值判断基础上,去发挥想象,补充和丰富细节,这才有了《三国演义》的成功。

然而,在《大军师司马懿之军师联盟》中,我们所看到的却是抛弃人们既有认知基础和价值判断的“创造”,这种“创造”的本质其实是胡编乱造、颠倒是非以及对中国传统道德的亵渎。

在东汉末年大乱至西晋统一的近百年时间里,动荡之中的中国历史尽显人性的丑恶,也尽显人性的光辉,而司马懿恰恰是人性丑恶的代表。他富于才华,老谋深算,却阴狠毒辣。在篡夺曹氏江山的过程中,司马懿和他的两个儿子几乎用尽了所有的丑恶手段。后人所称的魏晋玄学、魏晋风度,实际上是司马氏对士人血腥屠戮的直接结果。东晋士人在追究西晋之亡、五胡乱华、生民流离、天下萧条原因的时候,也只敢将责任算到王衍等人头上,丝毫不敢提司马氏的责任,可见其对士人的摧残到了让人生畏的地步。

因此,将司马懿这样一个历史人物塑造成有理想、有担当的正面人物,不仅说明编剧缺乏最起码的历史修养,更是是非道德观念的严重颠倒,或者说其心中根本就没有中国传统文化最基本的道德观。他们不懂得,中华民族之所以能够在数千年历史中饱经摧残而屹立不倒,是因为中华民族有源自于周代君子与儒家先贤的坚定信仰。无论世道如何艰难,君子儒都会秉持心中的信念,恪守仁、义、忠、信的道德底线,葆有穷且益坚不坠青云之志的浩然之气。他们曾遍布于中国的每个角落,自觉担负起天降大任的责任,辛勤地传播着先贤的经典,讲述着修身、齐家、治国、平天下的政治理想,从而为中华文化塑造出强壮的体格。他们尊重历史,尊重文化,遵从先贤的教导,颂扬美好,鞭挞丑恶。《大军师司马懿之军师联盟》不顾历史真实,对历史人物进行颠覆性塑造,虽可取得观众一时的追捧,但最终只能沦为历史嘲笑的对象,使自己蒙羞。

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