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新论:纪录伤痛也是铭记历史

2017-08-14 16:03:25   中国青年网

历史一直在我们身边,只有每个人都为它做点什么,才能让惨痛的战争记忆不再重演

8月14日是第五个世界“慰安妇”纪念日,一部反映日军“慰安妇”幸存者生存状态的纪录电影《二十二》将在全国公映。中国“慰安妇”题材纪录片第一次在院线展映,本身就是公众支持和参与的结果,再一次向全世界宣示了中国人不忘战争伤痛、坚决铭记历史的态度。

随着历史逐渐远去,今天应如何记忆战争,正在成为新一代年轻人需要认真面对的问题。相对于中韩等国建造“慰安妇”博物馆、推动“慰安妇”申报世界记忆遗产的努力,日本政界一些人依然在坚持否认或者回避军事性奴隶的罪行。而近日两个中国游客在德国国会大厦前行纳粹礼拍照,四个年轻人穿着日军服装在抗战纪念地的上海四行仓库留影,也说明对于战争历史的正视,无分国外还是国内,都需要全社会继续扎扎实实地来推动。

纪录片导演郭柯,其实也是一位年轻的“80后”,他的团队将镜头对准“慰安妇”幸存者,用《三十二》《二十二》两部纪录片留下了这个群体的最后身影。《二十二》的镜头并不像通常的反映战争苦难的电影那样触目惊心,而是在平静的影像中,深刻反映着历史留下的痕迹。终身不育的老人,思子而不成,只能整日摆弄心爱的布娃娃;当过红色娘子军的老人,一生珍爱政府颁发的抗战胜利纪念章,最后带着它入土;老家在朝鲜的朴大娘,为感谢中国人民的照顾改姓毛,至今从未回过家乡……

没有震撼的配乐,没有煽情的旁白,影片通过非常克制的镜头记录22位老人平凡的生活,以及日常叙事下波涛汹涌的回忆。只有电影中时不时出现在老人名字上的白色边框提醒着我们,她们中的许多人已经离世:林亚金、陈亚扁、蔡美娥、邓玉民、林爱兰……2013年以来,已有25位老人前后去世。

而对于这些被记录者来说,要把她们的伤痛挖出来给全世界的人看,需要更大的勇气与毅力。让这些老人回忆过去很痛苦,但对这些痛苦记忆的反思,也有助于打破沉默,正面对待和保护战争受害者,帮助她们回归正常生活。同时,这些战争罪行的公开,也进一步揭开了日本在中国推行性奴隶制度的真相,帮助受害者坚持民间索赔,坚持捍卫历史真相,坚持争取国际正义,其作为记忆遗产的意义至关重要。

在快速发展的过程中,我们应给抗战记忆留下空间,重视对机关、故居、万人坑、慰安所等遗址的保存与保护。如今“慰安妇”幸存者只剩下14位老人,平均年龄已过91岁,我们应该对饱经沧桑的老人给予更多关爱。韩国去年的《鬼乡》、今年的《军舰岛》,都创造了电影票房的新纪录,也希望有更多的中国人,尤其是年轻人能走进影院,去触摸一下战争的伤痕,去思考如何捍卫和平。纪录伤痛也是铭记历史。今年是全面抗战爆发80周年,历史看似已逐渐远去,但其实又一直在我们身边,只有每个人都为它做点什么,才能让惨痛的战争记忆不再重演。

(作者为上海师范大学教授、南京利济巷慰安所旧址陈列馆馆长)

《 人民日报 》( 2017年08月14日 05 版)

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