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地方院校的“双一流”机会在哪儿
2017-08-15 05:21:52 中国青年网
光明图片/视觉中国
【问学】
自国务院颁布统筹推进“双一流”建设总体方案以来,“985”“211”大学都在围绕“双一流”建设磨拳擦掌,制定具体实施方案,而地方院校虽然也都在关注“双一流”建设动向,但真正行动起来的只有少部分办学实力较强的老牌地方本科院校,绝大多数地方院校认为“双一流”建设就像天空中的星星,可望而不可即,有实际行动的新建本科院校更是微乎其微。这其实没有达到国家通过“双一流”建设打破“身份固化”,带动中国高等教育质量整体提升的期望和要求。
“双一流”建设,是一个开放的体系,面向所有高校,甚至包括高职院校。从目前来看,地方院校很难与“985”“211”大学比拼,但不等于在所有学科方面都没有机会。从未来看,“双一流”政策不是短期行为,将在未来很长一段时期主导中国高等教育的发展。从长远看,只要抓住历史机遇,制定科学的发展战略,选准发展路径,完全有可能使一所地方院校走向卓越,成为中国乃至世界一流大学。所以,地方院校不能放弃对“双一流”的追求。
当然,地方院校对“双一流”的追求,不能跟着“985”“211”大学的路子走,而要根据自身的实际进行选择。诚如美国教育家亚伯拉罕·弗莱克斯纳所说:“大学像其他组织一样,总是处在特定的社会结构之中而不是之外,不同的国家有不同的大学,期望大学适应一种单一的模式是很荒谬的。”尽管地方院校的情况又各不相同,但是主要策略有以下五点:
一是合理定位。笔者以为地方院校创建“双一流”的定位主要有两点:第一,定位在争创区域一流。“双一流”建设目标是分层的,有世界一流、国家一流和区域一流。就地方院校的整体情况而言,一般应该定位在争创“区域一流”的层次上,此后,根据办学水平的逐步提升,将定位调整为“国家一流”,再进而上升为“世界一流”。第二,定位在学科点的突破。“双一流”包括“一流大学”和“一流学科”。地方院校要想一步跨到“一流大学”,不管是“世界一流大学”或“国家一流大学”,还是“区域一流大学”,都是不太现实的。从地方院校的实力看,只能从争创“一流学科”做起,将其定位在学科点的突破上。通过学科点的突破建一流学科,从一流学科到一流学科群,并进而带动整个学校最终走向一流。比如瑞士洛桑酒店管理学院就是通过专业提升获得“世界最好的国际酒店管理人员培训院校”的美称,美国马萨诸塞州的富兰克林欧林学院通过课程组织变革和教学方式的创新,在工程技术领域赢得世界声誉。
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