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记者手记:铭记历史 警示后人——从展览看德国对战争罪行的反思

2017-08-13 20:55:48   新华网

新华社柏林8月13日电 记者手记:铭记历史 警示后人——从展览看德国对战争罪行的反思

新华社记者任珂

今年7月至8月,德国阿登纳基金会在基金会大楼里举办题为《从威尼斯到上海:从第一个到最后一个犹太人聚居区》的小型展览。纳粹德国统治下犹太人的遭遇,是展览的主要内容。

一张张各地犹太人聚居区的照片,反映出世界各地犹太人聚居区的历史变迁,记录着纳粹德国统治下华沙犹太人聚居区遭遇的屠杀,记录着数万犹太人逃亡中国上海后获得的新生……

阿登纳基金会政治教育部副主任安德烈斯·克莱恩-克拉尼博格告诉记者,展览的主要目的,是加深德国和世界各地民众对犹太人的了解并促进他们之间的和解。

第二次世界大战结束已经过去70多年,但是这场浩劫不应被人们所遗忘。作为战争的发起国和战败国,德国从未停止对历史的反思。

博物馆正是这段历史永久展示的载体,也是最直观体现反思精神的平台。每年,为数众多的博物馆会举办规模不等、形式多样的展览,反思历史,揭露纳粹罪行。

在柏林,犹太人博物馆详尽记录了那段灰暗的历史;德意志历史博物馆则毫不避讳地将纳粹德国和二战历史作为重要内容,与马丁·路德和腓特烈大帝并列展出。

在距慕尼黑不远的达豪集中营旧址,人们能够近距离参观牢房和焚尸炉,能够体会身处那间喷头里没有水只有氰化钾的“淋浴室”的恐惧和绝望。每年暑假,一队队中小学生,在老师带领下从德国各地来到这里,挤在幽闭的空间里,鸦雀无声……

“为什么战后德国总是‘不吝’向外界展示自己的历史污点?”

对于记者的问题,克莱恩-克拉尼博格一脸严肃。“因为我们有这个责任。反思德国以及以德国名义犯下的反人类罪,可以让我们铭记历史,避免屠杀再次发生。”

在德国,全盘否定纳粹,早已成为社会共识。任何不当言行,无论行纳粹礼、挂纳粹旗以及美化甚至否定战争罪行的言论,都会受到社会谴责乃至法律制裁。

本月初,德国一家地方检察院裁定,现年96岁的奥斯维辛集中营记账员奥斯卡·格伦宁身体状况可以支撑其入狱服刑,并驳回其缓刑申请。

可见,在德国,对战争罪行的清算,可能会迟到,但是绝不会缺席。

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