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动力煤 市场利空因素扎堆

2017-08-14 10:13:57   中国经济网

供应增加,消费转弱,库存累积

上周,动力煤期货1801合约大幅反弹,自564.8元/吨上涨至613元/吨,资金做多热情升温。然而,从现货市场看,价格上行稍显乏力,贸易商甩货意愿增强。

煤炭产能正在放开

2016年动力煤价格大幅上行,源于供应主动收缩。国家对煤炭行业实行276天工作日计划,煤矿工作时间从330天缩减至276天,产量为核定产能取整的84%。

图为沿海六大发电集团日均耗煤量季节性变化

2017年,国家对动力煤的供应管理较2016年明显放松。2017年年初就采用330天工作日计划作为276天工作日计划的替代。2017年1—6月,全国原煤产量为17.12亿吨,而2016年同期为16.27亿吨,2015年同期为17.89亿吨。2017年1—6月的原煤产量已经接近2015年的同期水平。

2017年,为了平抑煤炭价格的快速上涨,增强了优质产能的释放力度。发改委明确表示,要在保证安全的前提下有序释放优质产能,持续增加有效供应。今年上半年已竣工达产的新增产能在9000万吨,下半年还有部分建设项目陆续投产,另外还将对部分优质产能煤矿重新核定生产能力,合计新增产能在2亿—3亿吨。即使考虑去产能因素,也可净增有效产能约2亿吨。

高频数据显示,内蒙古鄂尔多斯的日均煤炭销量已经从年初的120万吨提高到近期的141万吨,而2016年执行276天工作日期间的日均煤炭销量为90万—100万吨。由此来看,2017年煤炭产量确实有了实质性释放。

电厂日耗将步入下行周期

煤炭的消耗具有明显的季节性特征,其两个消费高,一个是冬季供暖季,一个是迎峰度夏季。2017年7月11日—8月11日,沿海六大发电集团日均耗煤量均值为77.29万吨,2016年同期为69.28万吨,2017年较2016年提升了11.56%。正是由于需求超预期,才带动动力煤价格站上600元/吨的平台。然而,立秋已过,电煤消耗量将在8月中下旬开始下滑。近期,电厂已经不愿在港口增加煤炭采购量,其主要原因就是动力煤消费旺季临近结束。

港口库存维持高位

2017年,北方主要煤炭转运港口秦皇岛港煤炭库存维持在500万—600万吨,较2016年的300万—400万吨有明显的提升。除了港口库存处于高位,产区库存水平同样较高。目前,鄂尔多斯四个主要集运站(罕台川北、新街、西营子、准格尔召)库存回到190万吨上方,为2016年以来的高位区域,也超过2017年7月16日当周的135.7万吨,说明短短一个月,随着价格的上涨,产区供应增加,发运站库存有所累积。

综上所述,动力煤供应增加,而电厂的需求将季节性回落,在港口库存高位的情况下,动力煤现货价格的下行将拖累期货价格,操作上建议多单平仓。

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