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孩子乳牙老不掉,未必是换牙晚

2017-08-14 08:38:33   中国青年网

常常有6岁左右的宝宝乳牙下前牙内侧长出了锯齿状的白色硬块,家长们很疑惑,不知这是不是新牙,该怎么办?

当然是的,这种情况一般是宝宝的乳牙没能按时脱落,继“六龄齿”萌出后,第二副牙也开始长出了。这时,为了保证正常的乳恒牙替换,无论乳牙是否松动,当发现下前牙内侧长出了锯齿状的白色硬块时,都应该及时拔出,以免阻挡恒牙萌出。当然,乳牙没能按时脱落的情况很多,这只是其中之一。

乳牙为什么迟迟不掉

哪些原因会导致宝宝的乳牙迟迟不掉呢?最常见的原因是在乳恒牙替换的过程中,乳牙下方的继承恒牙萌出方向不正常,乳牙牙根没有吸收或吸收不完全。

临床上最常见的原因是龋齿(虫牙)造成的根尖周炎(牙根发炎);食物向精、细、软转化后,孩子的咀嚼频率和强度降低引起的牙根吸收不足;乳牙早失、继承恒牙缺失等。

如果宝宝患有佝偻病、侏儒症、外胚叶发育异常、颅骨锁骨发育不全等全身或遗传疾病,则会导致多颗乳牙不能正常脱落。另外,当乳牙的牙周组织发育障碍时,会出现牙齿固连,也是宝宝乳牙没办法正常脱落的原因之一。

继承恒牙缺失可导致乳牙迟迟不掉

继承恒牙缺失时,宝宝的乳牙也可能迟迟不掉。现代口腔医学的研究表明,牙齿缺失主要与遗传因素有关。先天的牙齿缺失具有常染色体显性遗传、常染色体隐性遗传和多基因遗传特性。除了遗传外,个别牙的缺失还可能与牙板生成不足或牙胚增殖受到抑制有关。也有学者认为这是胚胎发育过程中受有害物质影响的结果。

乳恒牙都可能先天缺失

先天缺牙可以发生在乳牙中,也可以发生在恒牙中,发生在恒牙中的先天缺牙更常见。但是,如果乳牙中有牙齿缺失,恒牙约有75%出现牙齿缺失的可能性。所以当我们发现乳牙缺失时,要注意追踪观察恒牙的牙齿数目是否异常,先天缺牙的患者,因个体差异,先天缺牙的数目和位置也不同。

发现乳牙缺失时怎么处理

发现孩子的乳牙缺失,这种表象并不足以证明是先天缺牙,有可能是牙齿萌出困难而埋藏于颌骨内、牙齿外伤或已经被拔除。所以,除了常规拍摄全口曲面体层片观察颌骨内的情况外,医生还会详细询问孩子有无牙齿外伤史和拔牙史。

即使孩子被医生诊断为先天缺牙,家长也不必紧张,一定要到正规医院口腔科、口腔专科医院或口腔诊所接受相关治疗。

牙齿存在于口腔之中,最主要的功能包括咀嚼,维持良好的咬合关系,保障颜面部美观等。医生会根据缺失牙齿是乳牙还是恒牙、缺失的数目、位置、牙弓长度和牙合关系等因素,采取个性化的综合治疗。

空军军医大学口腔医院儿童口腔科主任医师 王小竟

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