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天大“海燕”水下滑翔机助力世界最大规模中尺度漩涡观测项目
摄影:王聪彬
近日,在距离海岸线300多公里的南海北部,伴随一台名为“海燕”的水下滑翔机顺利下水,世界上持续时间最长、投放设备类型最多、覆盖海域最广的一次针对海洋“中尺度涡”的海洋立体综合观测网的构建完成阶段性任务。这次观测覆盖了“大气——海水界面”至4200米水深范围的14万平方公里海区,以天津大学研制的“海燕”水下滑翔机为代表的30余台套新型海洋设备均为我国自主研发,充分展示了我国高端海洋观测装备的研发能力与水平。这次调查使用这些先进装备构建起综合立体的观测网络,也标志着我国在深海组网观测研究方面已经走到了世界前沿,是区域海洋观测的一个重要里程碑。
这次观测由青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室(以下简称“海洋国家实验室”)联合理事单位天津大学、中国海洋大学共同组织实施。由中船重工第710研究所、中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所、中山大学、复旦大学、广东海洋大学等共同开展。各个单位投入各自研发的设备有“海燕”水下滑翔机、波浪滑翔机、综合调查潜标、自动升降剖面潜标、光纤水听器阵列、C-Argo浮标、水下航行器(AUV)等30余台套海洋观测先进装备。与以往单机、单种平台的观测不同,这次观测综合采用以上多种设备,进行多参数的综合、立体、协作组网观测与调查,是我国首次实现多种类水面和水下移动平台、定点固定平台相结合的协作观测,有效提高了我国海洋观测和数据获取的能力和水平。
“在组网观测中,‘海燕'发挥了至关重要的作用”, 天津大学副校长、海洋国家实验室海洋观测与探测联合实验室首席科学家王树新介绍:“与传统海洋设备相比,‘海燕'可搭载温度盐度、海洋生化、湍流、海流剖面仪等多种传感器进行连续剖面观测,数据采集的密集优势突出;同时‘海燕'连续运行时间超过1个月,航程超过1000公里,且具有较高的机动性,能连续跟踪漩涡,这是以往固定观测所不可企及的”。
海洋中存在无数个大大小小的漩涡,其中最为广泛和普遍的就是“中尺度涡”。它是海洋中直径为数百公里的漩涡,对周围海洋气候和海洋环境有着重要影响。近日,卫星显示在南海北部海域有一个中尺度涡诞生,海洋国家实验室的科技人员抓住这一难得机遇,通过集群组网的方式对其展开立体式全方位追踪观测。据悉,南海北部是全球海洋多尺度漩涡最丰富的海区之一,这些漩涡间“相互作用和能量级串”是国际物理海洋学界最前沿的科学问题。(王聪彬)
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