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“流动的博物馆”更有文化价值

2017-08-14 05:07:52   中国青年网

【文化评析】

据媒体报道,自8月10日起,由来自故宫博物院的168件乾隆年间的文物,与来自浙江省博物馆、浙江图书馆、常州博物馆等机构的数十件文物构成的共计200余件展品的《盛世天子——清高宗乾隆皇帝特展》,在紧邻乾隆行宫旧址的浙江省博物馆展出,这也成为近来文博界的又一盛事。

事实上,早在2016年故宫博物院便与四川成都市博物馆合作举办了乾隆特展,也是故宫博物院首次在国内举行的帝王综合主题展览,更是西南地区的首个“乾隆大展”。在乾隆特展举办期间,吸引了约有六七十万余人次观展,最高一天达到了3.4万人次。今年,这一主题特展又来到了跟乾隆皇帝颇有渊源的江南地区。

近些年来,故宫博物院的发展似乎摆脱了人们心中对于博物馆刻板的既有印象,开始有了更为鲜活和生动的面貌。前段时间大热的专题纪录片《我在故宫修文物》让人们越来越了解博物馆从业人员对于文物保存与修缮的真实功夫,而在数字技术支持下与开发团队合作应运而生的各类手机软件,更是让传统文化遗产有了更为广阔的展现领域,甚至于故宫博物院发行的各类文化创意产品都有着令人赞不绝口的文案。自称为故宫“看门人”的故宫博物院院长单霁翔认为,文物建筑、文化藏品是有生命历程的,而且在当今时代是可以为人们服务的,所以应该让故宫里的文物“活”起来:“评价一个博物馆好不好,就要看其所拥有的文化资源在多大程度上为人们的现实生活作出了贡献。”

在人们的传统印象里,博物馆几乎就是“收藏文物并用柜子摆出来”的地方,而造成这种印象的主要原因是很多展示过于固定和呆板,不流动的同时也忽略了文物背后所隐匿的文化内容。现代博物馆已经不再单纯是文物标本的收藏、保管、展示与研究机构,更应该是一个为社会和公众提供传统文化资源与知识的教育机构。评价一个博物馆的价值,不仅要看其收藏和研究的水平,更要看其是否能够进行知识的传播并提高人们参与学习的积极性。

博物馆展览是基于传播和教育为基础、集知识与审美为一体的大众传播工程。由故宫博物院带头、各地博物馆参与合作的《盛世天子——清高宗乾隆皇帝特展》这一项目很好地体现了博物馆展览的知识传播与文化展示功能。单霁翔认为“这个展览,以一个人和一个时代为背景,并围绕这个主线,用多种文物系列的藏品来综合呈现,包括书画、瓷器、玉器等,共同组成了一个故事”,这样的综合展览主题更鲜明,也更有思想性和震撼力。

在人们的生活里还能瞥见踪迹的传统文化是口耳相传的民众知识,依然能够凭着底蕴与精神代代相传;而在博物馆里才能看到的传统文化虽然已经盖上历史的封印,却成为想要追忆过去的人们的一种资源,因相通的血脉而引起共鸣。当陈列开始四处流动,当文物开始展示文化,现在的展览就是过去的生活,现在的生活也将成为未来的展览。

(作者:郑艳)

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