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以色列19岁女孩因拒服兵役获刑 她认为桥梁比高墙更有用

2017-08-12 18:42:29   

戈兰绝服兵役,她认为相较于竖起隔离的高墙,搭建沟通的桥梁会更有用。(图片来源:英国《独立报》)

中国日报网8月12日电 “小时候,我梦想加入以色列国防军,成为一名战斗机飞行员。”然而长大成人后,19岁的诺亚·古尔·戈兰却因为拒服兵役而在以色列港市海法附近的一间军事监狱服刑,她的身上被贴上了“叛徒”、“懦夫”的标签。

8月11日,英国《独立报》独家报道了戈兰的遭遇,为外界窥探以色列年轻一代的所思所想提供了独特的视角:以戈兰为代表的一些以色列年轻人,宁愿被投入监牢也不愿妥协退让,他们誓要高声反对当局的政策立场。

因为身在狱中的戈兰被禁止接听国际长途电话,因此她只能通过妈妈爱丽思和姨妈米甲接受《独立报》记者的采访。她们三人一再强调,戈兰热爱她的祖国、也很乐意为国家服务。但征兵开始后,当时年仅17岁的戈兰逐渐意识到,她无法宽恕自己成为军事组织的一部分、无法容忍自己不可避免地沾染上“暴力和死亡”。

“如果战争是答案,我们显然问错了问题。”戈兰在卧室里挂了一块软木板,除了亲朋好友的照片外,她还在木板上的显眼位置钉了这样一句话。

根据以色列的强制兵役制度,所有年满18周岁以上的犹太、德鲁士和切尔克斯公民都需要在以色列国防军(IDF)登记入册,占全国总人口约20%的阿拉伯公民免服兵役。男性需要入伍两年零8个月,女性需要入伍两年。不过在实际操作中,仅有约75%的登记入册人员会入伍服役。

在以色列,因为非宗教原因拒服兵役是情况极少发生。因此,戈兰决定拒服兵役,令她的家人感到“非常震惊”,毕竟在整个大家族或者周围认识的人里都没有过先例。戈兰的两个哥哥支持她的决定,但仍然觉得她太幼稚。

戈兰作出拒服兵役的决定之前曾写过一封公开信,她表示以一个与孩子共同工作的成年人的身份经历了2014年加沙战争后,她睁开眼睛看清了“这个国家的孩子们成长的现实环境”,“周遭满是仇恨和害怕,在这里暴力已成为常态”。

《独立报》指出,有统计数据显示,过去两年间以色列全国仅有10名女性因为非宗教原因拒服兵役。不过,每年也有少数人力证自己是和平主义者得以免服兵役。但经历过两场军事委员会听证会后,戈兰发现很难说服军方相信她是一个和平主义者。有公益法律组织称,听证会上通常会问一些刁钻的问题,比如“有人伤害了你的家人,你会杀掉这个人吗?”而除了“不会”之外的所有答案都会被用来证明被告并非和平主义者。

“青少年拒服兵役的情况非极其罕见,”耶胡达·沙乌勒曾在以色列国防军服役,退伍后创立了反对以色列占领巴勒斯坦土地的退伍军人组织——“打破沉默”(Breaking the Silence),“这些年轻人为自己的决定付出了非常高昂的个人代价,他们通常需要入狱服刑3个月至半年。”

自7月12日起,戈兰入狱服刑的时间已经超过一个月,她和其他9名女性关押在一间囚室里,每两周获准见家人一次。“海外留学期间,我有幸结识了来自巴勒斯坦、约旦和其他国家的朋友,我摆脱了成长过程中被灌输的成见,逐渐了解了这些人、知晓了他们的故事。我意识到不论是对来自家乡的朋友,还是来自(巴勒斯坦城市)希布伦的友人,我的爱意都是一样的。由此,我不再愿意参与一国对另一国的压迫。相较于竖起隔离的高墙,我相信搭建沟通的桥梁会更有用。”

截至目前,尚不清楚戈兰将在何时获释。

(译者:谌融 编辑:孙若男)

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