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博物馆不妨多些引导和包容

2017-08-12 04:12:17   中国青年网

【新闻随笔】

暑期到来后,尤其又处在旅游旺季,很多对公众免费开放的博物馆在迎来大批参观者的同时,也成了一些人休闲乘凉的地方。近日,有媒体记者走访位于北京的两家博物馆,发现在一楼宽敞的大厅里,确实坐着不少人,他们或低头玩手机,或与同伴闲聊、吃东西。其中也有些人脱下鞋子“解放双脚”,“如入无人之境”。

炎炎夏日,有凉意的地方都容易吸引人。免费开放的博物馆,既能够学知识,又顺带纳凉,不仅是游客,也成了不少市民的选择,这不意外。博物馆的本质功能中当然不包括给市民提供纳凉,大量的歇凉人群也确实在一定程度上增加了馆方的服务压力。可只要这些行为未影响到博物馆的正常运行,其实大可不必排斥。一如前些年一些城市兴起的到地铁站纳凉的风潮,一开始也引发争议,但现在经过“磨合”,已逐步被人们接纳。

现代博物馆,不仅仅是提供一系列展品,更是向市民提供一种较好的文化参观体验。而休闲需求,或许本身就是这种体验当中无法分割的一部分。不少人怀着一半参观、一半纳凉的目的进来,说明博物馆这一过去被视作“阳春白雪”式的文化场所与人们的心理距离在拉近。这对于普及博物馆文化,培育社会的参观习惯,未尝不是好事。

一些游客席地而坐,甚至脱鞋、吃东西,与博物馆的整体环境,确有反差。但也要看到,一方面,所谓的蹭凉一族,只是坐在一楼大厅,而并没有进入展区,严格来说,除了观感上有些不适,并没有对博物馆的正常展览、游客观赏造成实质性打扰;另一方面,我们似乎受制于一种习惯性的认知,认为博物馆就应该体现“历史的严肃感”,甚至是有“历史常识”的人才能进入的,不应该成为一个“热闹”的场所。但若将博物馆视为公共教育资源的一部分,这种看法乃至做法,显然不符合一个社会对于博物馆的期待,也不利于博物馆应有的社会功能释放。就此来说,只要不影响正常的参观秩序,一些游客稍微“放松点”,不突破文明底线,馆方完全可以多一点引导和包容。

事实上,博物馆纳凉现象有着明显的特定时间背景,而非常态化存在。一是夏天气温较高;二是暑期孩子较多。从人性化服务的角度,馆方与其一味排斥这种现象,不如从加强针对性服务入手来加以引导。比如,一些博物馆的参观时间长,游客难免会有休息的需要,在保证安全的前提下,适当增加座椅和休息区,便可减少一些不文明的休息行为。而根据暑假孩子较多的情形,可设置一些互动项目,既让孩子增长知识,又合理规范他们的行为。

博物馆从过去的专业人士“专用”到现在免费向大众开放,关键一点便是向社会服务性的文化机构转型。在这个过程中,不仅公众的文明参展素养需要培育,博物馆本身的功能也应该作出延展,以更好对接大众化需求。那么,在相关服务的提供上,也就有必要进一步依据社会的实际需求加以修正和完善。

在此,不妨重温《国际博物馆协会章程》中对于博物馆的定义:博物馆是一个为社会及其发展服务的、向公众开放的非营利性常设机构,为教育、研究、欣赏的目的征集、保护、研究、传播并展出人类及人类环境的物质及非物质遗产。换言之,博物馆首先是一个“服务的”“开放的”机构。当然,还是要呼吁每位市民和游客都能够文明观展。如此,参观者素养与博物馆服务共同提升,才是双赢。

(作者:朱昌俊)

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