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中方:中美经贸合则两利斗则俱伤

2017-08-14 04:52:52   中国青年网

美国政府高级官员12日说,美国总统特朗普将于14日签署行政备忘录,责成美国贸易代表莱特希泽决定是否对所谓的“中国不公平贸易行为”发起调查。这一举动引发各界对美国采取单边行动损害中美经贸关系的担忧。

我国商务部发言人曾表示,中美经贸关系是中美双边关系的“压舱石”和“推进器”,是你中有我、我中有你、互利共赢的,合则两利,斗则俱伤。

一旦启动

调查可能持续一年

美国高级官员在当天举行的电话吹风会上表示,按照特朗普指令,莱特希泽将决定是否依据美国《1974年贸易法》对中国发起调查,尤其是对中国在技术转让等知识产权领域的做法。

这意味着,莱特希泽或将援引该法第301条,对中国发起“301调查”。该条款授权美国贸易代表可对他国不合理或不公正贸易做法发起调查,并可在调查结束后建议美国总统实施单边制裁。按照法律流程,一旦启动“301调查”,美国将首先与中国磋商解决,如果双方无法达成一致则调查可能持续长达一年。

在被问及调查结束后美国究竟可能出台何种制裁时,美官员表示谈论这一问题“为时尚早”。奥巴马政府时期的美国贸易代表迈克尔·弗罗曼日前在接受采访时说,“301调查”的关键在于调查结束之后怎么做。如果美国单方面出台制裁措施,将有违世界贸易组织(WTO)规定。

有违公正

单边主义工具过时

之所以“301调查”会成为媒体和观察人士聚焦的重点,是因为这一诞生于上世纪冷战时期的单边主义法律工具在1995年WTO成立后几乎销声匿迹。

美国上一次大规模使用“301调查”还是在上世纪80年代美日贸易纠纷期间。由于这一调查由美国自身发起、调查、裁决、执行,因此具有极强的单边主义色彩。

曾任奥巴马贸易政策顾问的鲍恩表示,正是考虑到这种单边主义行动有违WTO精神,容易招致贸易伙伴报复,此前数届美国政府均谨慎回避这一法律工具。

专家解读

对华调查代价巨大

美国上一次大规模使用“301调查”还是在上世纪八十年代美日贸易纠纷期间。由于这一调查由美国自身发起、调查、裁决、执行,因此具有极强的单边主义色彩。彼得森国际经济研究所高级研究员查得·布朗认为,特朗普对华启动“301”调查,使用一项过时的美国贸易法条款,其代价是巨大的,只会让美中贸易情况更加糟糕。

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