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中关村笔记1

2017-08-14 04:52:52   中国青年网

【编者按】此书为非虚构文学力作,选取“中国的硅谷”中关村柳传志、王选、冯康、吴甘沙、冯军、程维等不同时代成就卓著的代表人物,展现他们怀抱理想、搏击奋斗的艰辛历程,在历史中发现人、表现人、阐释人,没有一代人的崛起不可能有大国崛起。

一个新粒子,诞生一个新世界

1978年,新泽西,普林斯顿。

中国物理代表团访问美国,代表团成员有四人,其中有后来被称为“中关村第一人”的中国科学院物理所核聚变专家陈春先。为了这次访问,陈春先像其他成员一样购置了统一的灰调西装,统一的皮鞋,穿越了浩瀚的太平洋,来到前不久还被中国人称为腐朽荒淫的国度。多年的闭关,外面的世界什么样?仿佛一个世纪轮回一样,一百年之后他们又成为先行看世界的人。

代表团的访问目标是,参观普林斯顿等离子物理实验室环形聚变实验反应堆的托卡马克:一种环形磁约束装置。不仅用美国的实验数据对比北京托卡马克6号装置的实验数据,还要以美国托卡马克为参考蓝本,筹建国家投资4000万元的托卡马克8号装置,从核聚变中探索人类新能源。就此来说,虽是轮回,却又和一百年前不一样。

1954年苏联原子能之父萨哈罗夫,在西伯利亚库尔恰托夫原子能研究所研制出了存放等离子体的容器,命名为托卡马克。1968年,托卡马克装置T-3取得重大突破,在千万摄氏度高温以上获得稳定环形高温等离子体。翌年英国卡莱姆实验室的科学家在苏联对T-3进行测试,证实了苏联获得的重大突破,在全球引起轰动,西方各国纷纷建造托卡马克。1974年,陈春先带领课题组奇迹般地研制出中国首台托卡马克6号,打破西方发达国家对核聚变的垄断。有了这样的成绩,访问美国,考察学习,顺理成章。

著名华裔实验物理学家丁肇中见到了代表团,他曾有一句名言:“科学实验的结果往往会出乎人们原来的想象,产生出新的粒子,新的世界。”其实不仅科学实验,很多事情都是这样:偶然决定着必然,一个看起来无关的事物可能会改变整个事物的方向。如同一个新粒子,诞生了一个新世界,访美期间,美国给陈春先留下最深印象的不是先进的实验室,不是托卡马克,而是科研爆发力。陈春先注意到本来托卡马克、人造卫星是苏联首先研制成功,但是美国核聚变之父弗斯(H.P.Furth)教授带领科技人员,只用了几个月就研制出托卡马克,并且超过苏联,成为日本、德国、法国建造托卡马克的学习基地。接下来,很快美国的航天事业赶超了苏联,不但发射卫星,有了宇航员,还把人送上了月球,超越了加加林。美国何以这么快?

宁肯 著

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