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自然保护区等特定区域内的矿业权合同无效

2017-08-14 03:18:31   中国青年网

本报讯 记者李万祥报道:今后,自然保护区、重点生态功能区等区域内的矿业权合同,违反法律、行政法规的强制性规定或者损害环境公共利益的,将被法院认定为无效。7月27日,最高法发布《关于审理矿业权纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的解释》,作出此项规定。

日前,中办、国办通报了甘肃祁连山国家级自然保护区生态环境问题。据通报,祁连山国家级保护区内设置采矿、探矿权144宗,其中有14宗是在2014年10月国务院明确保护区划界后违法违规审批延续的。

“环境保护法、自然保护区条例等法律法规明确规定,重点生态功能区、生态环境敏感区和脆弱区等区域划定生态保护红线,实行严格保护;自然保护区、风景名胜区等区域内禁止进行勘查开采活动。”最高法环境资源审判庭庭长郑学林说,实践中,有些地方为促进经济发展罔顾生态环境保护需要,有悖绿色发展理念和生态文明建设要求,故人民法院应适度发挥司法的能动作用,对上述特别区域内的矿业权合同效力进行特别审查。

司法解释将涉矿环境公益诉讼纳入其中,规定“勘查开采矿产资源造成环境污染,或者导致地质灾害、植被毁损等生态破坏,法律规定的机关和有关组织提起环境公益诉讼的,人民法院应依法予以受理”。

据介绍,矿业权人在行使权利的过程中,负有安全生产、水土保持、土地复垦、环境保护等公法上义务。相较于一般民事物权,矿业权的设立、流转、行使、消灭等方面均具有一定特殊性。

在我国,矿业权出让属于矿业权流转的一级市场,经历了从无偿到有偿、从申请在先到竞争性取得的深刻变化。2016年12月中央全面深化改革领导小组第三十一次会议审议通过《矿业权出让制度改革方案》《矿产资源权益金制度改革方案》等文件,强调要推进矿业权竞争性出让,严格限制矿业权协议出让,调整矿业权审批权限,强化出让监管服务。

司法解释对矿业权出让、转让、抵押等合同的效力、履行、解除以及违约担责等方面作出规定,强调矿业权合同自依法成立之日起具有法律约束力,依法保护矿业权流转,维护市场秩序和交易安全。

郑学林表示,人民法院审理矿业权出让合同纠纷案件应充分保障双方当事人的合法权益。一方面要监督行政机关依法行政,防止发生“黑箱”操作,避免以公用物寻租的情形;另一方面要注意保护自然人、法人和非法人组织的合法产权利益,践行诚实信用等法律原则。对此,司法解释规定:“县级以上人民政府国土资源主管部门作为出让人与受让人签订的矿业权出让合同,除法律、行政法规另有规定的情形外,当事人请求确认自依法成立之日起生效的,人民法院应予支持。”

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