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评论:“争戴穷帽”向“竞先脱贫”反转的背后

2017-08-13 12:02:03   央广网

在中西部、特别是老少边穷地区曾经流行争戴“贫困帽子”的现象,正在被“竞先脱贫”潮流所替代,实现这一反转的背后,是国家全面实现小康目标和限期脱贫攻坚政策的巨大效应的显现,还有贫困地区精神层面发生的可喜变化。这一反转让我们欣喜地感受到了贫困地区和贫困群众脱贫的“内生动力”,看到了国家终结贫困的信心和力量。

争戴“贫困帽子”个中原委是“穷帽子”有含金量成了“香饽饽”,笔者长期生活在西部地区,对国家级贫困县享受的扶持优惠政策所得巨大感同身受。“贫困帽子”虽声名不好听但实惠中用,中央财政、各部委对贫困地区都有政策倾斜和资金转移支付,还有专门针对贫困地区的项目支持,再加上帮扶单位助力,资金先到,税收优惠,项目优先,一个贫困县所享受的好处每年数以亿计,甚至更多,引得千方百计争戴,还出现了因入选国家级贫困县而举县庆贺、还有多个国家百强富裕县赖在贫困县中不愿摘帽的怪现象。

国家贫困县的出现还得从国家扶贫开发说起,1986年国务院根据人均纯收入标准,在全国划定331个国家重点扶持贫困县,此后进行过三次调整数量也扩大至592个。2011年国家又实施集中连片特殊困难地区扶贫开发,确定680个连片特困地区县。国家扶贫20多年来投入数以万亿的巨大资金,但贫困县的数量却在增加,全国仍然有7000万贫困人口,越扶越贫、一扶不起和扶强的例证不在少数。争戴贫困帽子就折射出扶贫政策的一些漏洞和扶贫理念的偏失,近年来国家也注意引导贫困地区的干部群众解放思想,转变观念,变输血为造血。

依据多年的扶贫投入和实践,我国向贫困发起总攻的时机已经成熟,中央部署所有贫困县必须在2020年全部摘帽,国务院还研究制定出贫困县退出机制,形成“早脱帽子早有好处,不脱帽子还有约束”导向。相关省区也制定了贫困县摘帽的具体“时间表”,如贫困县较为集中的贵州省限令50个贫困县在2018年全部摘帽,河南省贫困县2019年实现总体脱贫,宁夏将提前两年全部摘帽。中西部省区的主要负责人也向中央签署脱贫攻坚责任书,各省区还以层层签订“军令状”、调整干部考核等方式,确保“脱帽”压力层层传导。

贫困县全部摘帽的“时间表”与“路线图”已经确定,但在5年时间内全部脱贫摘帽也绝非易事。时间紧任务重,限期摘帽不仅只是到时宣布这么简单,更有一系列主要指标要第三方确认等考评,摘帽压力之大前所未有,贫困县的扶贫干部经常失眠、嗓子说哑。

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